Page 106 - Read Online
P. 106

Tu D, Richardson H; NCIC CTG MAP. 3 Study Investigators.
                                                                  Exemestane for breast-cancer prevention in postmenopausal
                                                                  women. N Engl J Med 2011;364:2381-91.
                                                                6.   Kennecke H, Yerushalmi R, Woods R, Cheang MC, Voduc D,
                                                                  Speers CH, Nielsen  TO, Gelmon K. Metastatic behavior of
                                                                  breast cancer subtypes. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:3271-7.
            a                        b                          7.   Mishra LC, Singh BB, Dagenais S. Scientifi c basis for the
                                                                  therapeutic use of  Withania somnifera (ashwagandha): a
                                                                  review. Altern Med Rev 2000;5:334-46.
                                                                8.       Winters M. Ancient medicine, modern use: Withania somnifera
                                                                  and its potential role in integrative oncology. Altern Med Rev
            c                       d                             2006;11:269-77.
                                                                9.   Newman DJ, Cragg GM. Natural products as sources of new
                                                                  drugs over the last 25 years. J Nat Prod 2007;70:461-77.
                                                                10.  Jayaprakasam B, Zhang  Y, Seeram NP, Nair MG. Growth
                                                                  inhibition of human tumor cell lines by withanolides from
                                                                  Withania somnifera leaves. Life Sci 2003;74:125-32.
                                                                11.  Szarc vel Szic K, Op de Beeck K, Ratman D,  Wouters A,
                                                                  Beck IM, Declerck K, Heyninck K, Fransen E, Bracke M,
                                                                  De Bosscher K, Lardon F, Van Camp G, Vanden Berghe W.
                                                                  Pharmacological levels of Withaferin A (Withania somnifera)
                                                                  trigger clinically relevant anticancer effects specifi c to triple
                                                                  negative breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2014;9:e87850.
                                                                12.  Senthilnathan P, Padmavathi R, Magesh  V, Sakthisekaran D.
            e                                                     Modulation of  TCA cycle enzymes and electron transport
            Figure 8: Effect of WS on expression of CCL2 in MDA-MB-231 xenografted   chain systems in experimental lung cancer.  Life  Sci
            tumors. (a and b, ×20) Hematoxylin and eosin sections of untreated and WS   2006;78:1010-4.
            treated tumors, respectively; (c and d, ×20) immunohistochemical staining     13.  Samuel T, Okada K, Hyer M, Welsh K, Zapata JM, Reed JC.
            of CCL2 in untreated and WS treated tumors; (e) summarized data. There
            was a signifi cant reduction (P < 0.05) in CCL2 expression in WS-treated   cIAP1 Localizes to the nuclear compartment and modulates
            tumors compared to untreated tumors as determined by Student’s t-test.   the cell cycle. Cancer Res 2005;65:210-8.
            WS: Withania somnifera; CCL2: Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2    14.  Li M, Knight DA, Snyder LA, Smyth MJ, Stewart TJ. A role
                                                                  for CCL2 in both tumor progression and immunosurveillance.
                                                                  Oncoimmunology 2013;2:e25474.
            molecular mechanism of  WS extract antitumor activity
            in the breast cancer metastasis.                    15.  Namdeo AG, Sharma A, Yadav KN, Gawande R, Mahadik KR,
                                                                  Lopez-Gresa MP, Kim HK, Choi YH, Verpoorte R. Metabolic
                                                                  characterization of Withania somnifera from different regions of
            Acknowledgments                                       India using NMR spectroscopy. Planta Med 2011;77:1958-64.
            This project was supported by NIH Grant U54 CA 118948.    16.  Stan SD, Hahm ER,  Warin R, Singh SV.  Withaferin  A
                                                                  causes FOXO3a-and Bim-dependent apoptosis and inhibits
            References                                            growth of human breast cancer cells in vivo.  Cancer  Res
                                                                  2008;68:7661-9.
            1.   Cancer Facts and Figures.  American Cancer Society; 2014.     17.  Subbaraju GV,  Vanisree M, Rao CV, Sivaramakrishna C,
               Available from  : http://www.cancer.org/research/cancerfactsstatistics/  Sridhar P, Jayaprakasam B, Nair MG. Ashwagandhanolide, a
               cancerfactsfi gures 2014/. [Last accessed on 2015 Mar 14].  bioactive dimeric thiowithanolide isolated from the roots of
              2.   Triple Negative Breast Cancer.  Available from: http://  Withania somnifera. J Nat Prod 2006;69:1790-2.
               www.nationalbreastcancer.org/triple-negative-breast-cancer.     18.  Munagala R, Kausar H, Munjal C, Gupta RC.  Withaferin  A
               [Last accessed on 2015 Mar 14].                    induces p53-dependent apoptosis by repression of HPV
            3.   Fisher B, Costantino JP,  Wickerham DL, Redmond CK,   oncogenes and upregulation of tumor suppressor proteins in
               Kavanah M, Cronin WM, Vogel V, Robidoux A, Dimitrov N,   human cervical cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2011;32:1697-705.
               Atkins J, Daly M, Wieand S, Tan-Chiu E, Ford L, Wolmark N.     19.  Yang Z, Garcia A, Xu S, Powell DR,  Vertino PM, Singh S,
               Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: report of the   Marcus AI. Withania somnifera root extract inhibits mammary
               National Surgical  Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1   cancer metastasis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
               Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998;90:1371-88.         PLoS One 2013;8:e75069.
            4.   Cauley JA, Norton L, Lippman ME, Eckert S, Krueger KA,     20.  Qian BZ, Li J, Zhang H, Kitamura T, Zhang J, Campion LR,
               Purdie DW, Farrerons J, Karasik  A, Mellstrom D, Ng KW,   Kaiser EA, Snyder LA, Pollard JW. CCL2 recruits
               Stepan JJ, Powles  TJ, Morrow M, Costa  A, Silfen SL,   infl ammatory monocytes to facilitate breast-tumour metastasis.
               Walls EL, Schmitt H, Muchmore DB, Jordan  VC,      Nature 2011;475:222-5.
               Ste-Marie LG. Continued breast cancer risk reduction in   21. Palacios-Arreola  MI,  Nava-Castro  KE,  Castro  JI,
               postmenopausal women treated with raloxifene: 4-year   Garcia-Zepeda E, Carrero JC, Morales-Montor J. The role of
               results from the MORE trial. Multiple outcomes of raloxifene   chemokines in breast cancer pathology and its possible use as
               evaluation. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2001;65:125-34.  therapeutic targets. J Immunol Res 2014;2014:849720.
              5.   Goss PE, Ingle JN,  Alés-Martínez JE, Cheung  AM,     22.  Lee J, Hahm ER, Marcus AI, Singh SV. Withaferin A inhibits
               Chlebowski RT, Wactawski-Wende J, McTiernan A, Robbins J,   experimental epithelial-mesenchymal transition in MCF-10A
               Johnson KC, Martin LW,  Winquist E, Sarto GE, Garber JE,   cells and suppresses vimentin protein level  in vivo  in breast
               Fabian CJ, Pujol P, Maunsell E, Farmer P, Gelmon KA,
                                                                  tumors. Mol Carcinog 2013;54:417-29.
                Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment  ¦  Volume 1 ¦ Issue 2 ¦ July 15, 2015 ¦        99
   101   102   103   104   105   106   107   108   109   110   111