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Page 10 of 16 Tu et al. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 2018;4:58 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-4722.2018.67

A B

C D

Figure 4. RNA-seq analysis of metabolic gene expression alteration between the MDA-MB-231HM.LNm5 and parental MDA-MB-231
cell lines. Expression level of all mitochondrial genes (MitoCarta 2.0) were compared (A), as well as genes involved in key processes of
energy metabolism, including glycolysis (B) (glycolytic process: GO: 0061621 & 0006096; positive regulator of glycolytic process: GO:
0045821; negative regulator of glycolytic process: GO: 0045820; regulation of glycolytic process: GO: 0006110), tricarboxylic acid (TCA)
cycle (C) (GO: 0006099), and the electron transport chain (D) (mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes: HGNC family ID: 639 &
mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly factors HGNC family ID: 645). The log 2 FC (y-axis) is derived from counts per million
(CPM) values for MDA-MB-231HM.LNm5 divided by CPM values for MDA-MB-231, where a positive FC value represents up-regulation
in the MDA-MB-231HM.LNm5 cells and a negative value represents down-regulation. Genes with a CPM value of < 1 across both
samples were not included. FC: fold change; ENO3: enolase 3; HKDC1: hexokinase domain containing 1; MLXIPL: MLX interacting protein-
like; FBP1: fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase-1; PRKAG2: protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 2 non-catalytic subunit; IDH2: isocitrate
dehydrogenase-2; BCS1L: ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase complex III chaperone

has been used to study breast cancer metastasis, and despite deriving from tumors with metastatic capability
in the original patient, the MDA-MB-231 cell line often displays poor spontaneous metastatic ability when
[41]
used in immuno-compromised mice, including BALB/c nude and NOD.SCID strains . The MDA-MB-