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Kohla et al. Transforming growth factor β1 in HCC

Table 7: Means and medians for survival time
TGF score Mean Median
Estimate Std. Error 95% CI Estimate Std. Error 95% CI
Lower bound Upper bound Lower bound Upper bound
Negative < 301 11.599 0.501 10.617 12.582 . . . .
Positive > 301 9.715 0.527 8.681 10.748 13.000 2.136 8.813 17.187
Overall 10.498 0.385 9.743 11.252 13.000 . . .

5000.00 5000.00

4000.00 4000.00

3000.00 3000.00
TGF TGF final
2000.0 2000.0

1000.00 1000.00

0.00 0.00
Control HCC Cirrohtic A B C
HCC CHILD
Figure 2: TGF level among the studied groups. TGF-b1: Figure 4: Serum TGF level according to child score. TGF-b1:
transforming growth factor beta 1; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma transforming growth factor beta 1

marker for risk prediction of HCC development in
5000.00
cirrhotic patients.
4000.00 These results are in agreement with Shehata et al. [13] ,
who found that TGF-β1 levels were also significantly
higher in patients with HCC group compared to
3000.00
TGF final chronic hepatitis C patients and control groups.

[9]
2000.0 Similarly, Lee et al. found that plasma TGF-β1 levels
were significantly higher in patients with HCC than
in cirrhotic patients and normal controls. However,
1000.00
serum levels of TGF-β1 in the cirrhotic patients were
significantly lower than those in normal controls and
0.00 explained that by decreased synthetic function in
patients with advanced cirrhosis, resulting in a lower
A B C D
BCLC production of TGF-β1 from hepatocytes themselves.
Figure 3: Serum TGF level according to BCLC classification.
BCLC: Barcelona clinic liver cancer; TGF-b1: transforming growth Our study showed that serum levels of TGF-β1 in
factor beta 1 HCC patients were associated with more advanced
BCLC stages. These findings signified the role of
higher levels of TGF-β1 in HCC patients (1,687.47 ± TGF-β1 in tumor growth and progression, implicating
1,462.81 pg/mL) compared to the other two groups its utility as a potential novel marker for risk prediction
(cirrhotic 487.98 ± 344.23 pg/mL and healthy control of HCC progression.
250.16 ± 284.61 pg/mL), with no significant difference
between control and cirrhotic groups. These findings These results are in agreement with Shehata et al. [13] ,
signified the role of TGF-β1 in tumor growth and who found that there was a significant difference
progression, implicating its potential use as novel regarding TGF- β1 between early stage (421.9 ±

298 Hepatoma Research ¦ Volume 3 ¦ December 12, 2017