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Ayoub et al. Hepatoma Res 2017;3:302-8 Hepatoma Research
DOI: 10.20517/2394-5079.2016.44
www.hrjournal.net
Topic: Novel approaches for HCC Open Access

The impact of nucleos(t)ide analog

therapy in hepatitis B on the incidence

of hepatocellular carcinoma: an update

including recent literature findings

Walid S. Ayoub , Francis Dailey , Paul Martin , Patricia D. Jones 3,4
1,2
3,4
1
1 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
2 David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
3 Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
4 Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Correspondence to: Dr. Walid S. Ayoub, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 8900 Beverly Blvd, Suite 250,
Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA. E-mail: Walid.Ayoub@cshs.org

How to cite this article: Ayoub WS, Dailey F, Martin P, Jones PD. The impact of nucleos(t)ide analog therapy in hepatitis B on the incidence of
hepatocellular carcinoma: an update including recent literature findings. Hepatoma Res 2017;3:302-8.

ABSTRACT
Article history: Worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality.
Received: 25 Nov 2016 In men, it is the fifth most common cancer and seventh most common in women; HCC is the
First Decision: 7 Apr 2017 second highest cause of cancer-related death worldwide. It is less prevalent in the USA and
Revised: 7 Jun 2017 Northern Europe and more prevalent in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia. Over 700,000 cases
are diagnosed each year - half of which occur in China - and result in roughly the same
Accepted: 29 Nov 2017 number of deaths per year. HCC significantly impairs quality of life and is associated with
Published: 20 Dec 2017
great costs to society. It is estimated that half of the deaths from HCC are associated with
Key words: hepatitis B virus (HBV). Fortunately, HBV vaccination and antiviral therapy have shown
Liver cancer, excellent efficacy in decreasing the incidence of HCC. We will discuss the relationship of
hepatocellular carcinoma, HBV to HCC, address available treatments for HBV and the impact of treatment on the
hepatitis B, development of HCC.
nucleos(t)ides,
entecavir;
tenofovir,
lamivudine

INTRODUCTION carcinoma (HCC). This risk of HCC is increased even
in patients with HBV without cirrhosis; the risk of
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus that developing HCC is up to 100 fold higher in persons
incorporates into the host genome and thereby infected with hepatitis B compared to uninfected
[1]
increases the risk of developing hepatocellular persons . An effective strategy shown to decrease
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