Page 281 - Read Online

Page 18 of 21 Duparchy et al. Energy Mater. 2025, 5, 500134 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2025.51

Authors’ contributions
Experimentation: Duparchy, A.
Investigation, methodology: Duparchy, A.; de Boor, J.
Materials characterization: Duparchy, A.; Naithani, H: Parzer, M.; Garmroudi, F.; de Boor, J.
Data analysis: Duparchy, A.; Naithani, H: Ghosh, S.; Parzer, M.; Garmroudi, F.; de Boor, J.
Conceptualization and supervision: Müller, E; de Boor, J.
Writing-original draft: Duparchy, A., de Boor, J.
Review and editing: Naithani, H: Ghosh, S.; Parzer, M.; Garmroudi, F.; Müller, E.; de Boor, J.

Availability of data and materials
The original contributions presented in this study are included in the article/Supplementary Materials.
Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author(s).

Financial support and sponsorship
The authors and the LUNA project team would like to acknowledge the government of North Rhine
Westphalia for the funds received to finance the project. The author Duparchy, A. would like to thank the
German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) for the financial support. Financial support for Parzer, M.
and Garmroudi, F. came from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), program MIRAI,
JPMJMI19A1.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2025.

REFERENCES
1. Gielen, D.; Boshell, F.; Saygin, D. Climate and energy challenges for materials science. Nat. Mater. 2016, 15, 117-20. DOI PubMed
2. Chu, S.; Majumdar, A. Opportunities and challenges for a sustainable energy future. Nature 2012, 488, 294-303. DOI PubMed
3. Twaha, S.; Zhu, J.; Yan, Y.; Li, B. A comprehensive review of thermoelectric technology: Materials, applications, modelling and
performance improvement. Renew. Sustain. Energy. Rev. 2016, 65, 698-726. DOI
4. Jaziri, N.; Boughamoura, A.; Müller, J.; Mezghani, B.; Tounsi, F.; Ismail, M. A comprehensive review of thermoelectric generators:
technologies and common applications. Energy. Rep. 2020, 6, 264-87. DOI
5. O’brien, R.; Ambrosi, R.; Bannister, N.; Howe, S.; Atkinson, H. Safe radioisotope thermoelectric generators and heat sources for space
applications. J. Nucl. Mater. 2008, 377, 506-21. DOI
6. Yang, L.; Chen, Z.; Dargusch, M. S.; Zou, J. High performance thermoelectric materials: progress and their applications. Adv. Energy.
Mater. 2018, 8, 1701797. DOI
7. Snyder, G. J.; Toberer, E. S. Complex thermoelectric materials. Nat. Mater. 2008, 7, 105-14. DOI PubMed
8. Wei, J.; Yang, L.; Ma, Z.; et al. Review of current high-ZT thermoelectric materials. J. Mater. Sci. 2020, 55, 12642-704. DOI
9. Jia, N.; Cao, J.; Tan, X. Y.; et al. Thermoelectric materials and transport physics. Mater. Today. Phys. 2021, 21, 100519. DOI
10. Pei, Y.; Shi, X.; LaLonde, A.; Wang, H.; Chen, L.; Snyder, G. J. Convergence of electronic bands for high performance bulk
thermoelectrics. Nature 2011, 473, 66-9. DOI
11. Tang, Y.; Gibbs, Z. M.; Agapito, L. A.; et al. Convergence of multi-valley bands as the electronic origin of high thermoelectric
performance in CoSb skutterudites. Nat. Mater. 2015, 14, 1223-8. DOI
3
12. Yan, X.; Liu, W.; Wang, H.; et al. Stronger phonon scattering by larger differences in atomic mass and size in p-type half-Heuslers
Hf Ti CoSb Sn . Energy. Environ. Sci. 2012, 5, 7543-8. DOI
1-x x 0.8 0.2