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Zhang et al. Energy Mater 2024;4:400043 Energy Materials
DOI: 10.20517/energymater.2023.102

Article Open Access

Modulation of physical and chemical connections

between SiO and carbon for high-performance
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lithium-ion batteries

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1,*
Kaiyuan Zhang , Jiarui Xing , Huili Peng , Jichao Gao , Shuheng Ai , Qiwang Zhou , Di Yang , Xin Gu 2,*
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School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, Shandong, China.
2
College of New Energy, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao
266580, Sahndong, China.
* Correspondence to: Dr. Di Yang, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, the west side of the north
section of Industrial Avenue, Lanshan District, Linyi 276005, Shandong, China. E-mail: yangdi@lyu.edu.cn; Prof. Xin Gu, College
of New Energy, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West
Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China. E-mail: guxin@upc.edu.cn
How to cite this article: Zhang K, Xing J, Peng H, Gao J, Ai S, Zhou Q, Yang D, Gu X. Modulation of physical and chemical
connections between SiO and carbon for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Energy Mater 2024;4:400043. https://dx.doi.
x
org/10.20517/energymater.2023.102
Received: 11 Dec 2023 First Decision: 29 Feb 2024 Revised: 5 Apr 2024 Accepted: 30 Apr 2024 Published: 14 May 2024
Academic Editors: Cheol-Min Park, Meicheng Li Copy Editor: Dong-Li Li Production Editor: Dong-Li Li

Abstract
SiO is an encouraging anode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries owing to the following unique
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characteristics: a relatively high theoretical capacity, low operating potential, ample resource availability, and, most
importantly, lower volume changes compared to Si. However, its utilization has been hindered by a significant
~200% volume change during lithiation and low conductivity, leading to the breakdown of anode materials and
accelerated capacity degradation. This study presents a novel SiO /G/C composite comprising SiO nanoparticles,
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graphite, and carbon nanotubes fabricated through a simple ball milling and annealing process. This composite
features a dual-carbon framework interconnected with SiO via C–O–Si bonds, enhancing reaction kinetics and
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accommodating volume fluctuations. These enhancements translate into remarkable advancements in cycling
stability and rate performance. Specifically, as-prepared SiO /G/C exhibits a high capacity retention of
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~700 mAh·g over 500 charging/discharging times at 1.0 A·g . Furthermore, when incorporated into a full-cell
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configuration (SiO /G/C//LiNi Co Mn O ), this system demonstrates a reversible capacity of 113 mAh·g over
x 1/3 1/3 1/3 2
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100 cycles at 1.0 mA·cm , underscoring its practical viability.
Keywords: SiO anode, lithium-ion batteries, silicon-carbon composite, dual-carbon engineering, chemical binding
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