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Page 14 of 50 Siddiqui et al. Chem Synth 2023;3:25 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/cs.2023.02

Figure 22. Biotransformation of sclareol (100) with Fusarium lini.

Figure 23. Biotransformation of sclareol (100) with Rhizopus stolonifer.

Biotransformation of andrographolide (107)
Biotransformation of andrographolide (107) with Cephalosporium aphidicola and Cunninghamella elegans
yielded two derivatives, andropanolide (108) (1.7%) and 14-deoxy-11, 12-didehydroandrographolide (109)
(1.6%) [Figure 24], respectively .
[40]
Biotransformation of dehydroabietic acid (110)
Three new derivatives, 1β-hydroxydehydroabietic acid (111) (0.8%), 15-hydroxy dehydroabietic acid (112)
(1.1%), and 16-hydroxy dehydroabietic acid (113) (1.4%), were obtained via microbial transformation of the
diterpene dehydroabietic acid (110) [Figure 25]. Compounds 110 (IC = 11 ± 01 μM), 111 (IC = 130 ± 15
[41]
50
50
μM), 112 (IC = 99 ± 43 μM), and 113 (IC = 81 ± 90 μM) showed a potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity,
50
50
as compared to the standard acarbose (IC = 780 ± 20 μM). α-Glucosidase inhibitors delay the digestion of
50
carbohydrates, resulting in a reduction of post-prandial sugar levels in diabetic patients.
BIOTRANSFORMATION OF SESTERTERPENE
Biotransformation of leucosceptrine (114)
Microbial transformation of the sesterterpene leucosceptrine (114) with the fungus Rhizopus stolonifer by
our research group synthesized two polar derivatives, 1α-hydroxyleucosceptrine (115) (6.5%) and 8α-