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Qin et al. Microstructures 2023;3:2023035 Microstructures
DOI: 10.20517/microstructures.2023.34

Research Article Open Access

Investigation of BiFeO -BaTiO lead-free piezoelectric
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ceramics with nonstoichiometric bismuth

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Hailan Qin , Jianwei Zhao , Xiaoxin Chen , Hongtian Li , Shenghao Wang , Yuxiao Du , Huanfu Zhou ,
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Peifeng Li , Dawei Wang 3
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College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, China.
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Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, Heilongjiang, China.
Correspondence to: Prof. Huanfu Zhou, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin
541004, Guangxi, China. E-mail: zhouhuanfu@163.com; Prof. Peifeng Li, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials,
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China. E-mail:
pf.li1@siat.ac.cn; Prof. Dawei Wang, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin
150080, Heilongjiang, China. E-mail: wangdawei102@gmail.com
How to cite this article: Qin H, Zhao J, Chen X, Li H, Wang S, Du Y, Zhou H, Li P, Wang D. Investigation of BiFeO -BaTiO lead-
3 3
free piezoelectric ceramics with nonstoichiometric bismuth. Microstructures 2023;3:2023035. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/
microstructures.2023.34
Received: 28 Jun 2023 First Decision: 22 Aug 2023 Revised: 23 Aug 2023 Accepted: 25 Aug 2023 Published: 19 Sep 2023
Academic Editors: Mojca Otonicar, Xiaozhou Liao Copy Editor: Fangyuan Liu Production Editor: Fangyuan Liu

Abstract
BiFeO -BaTiO (BF-BT)-based lead-free ceramics are promising piezoelectric materials exhibiting high Curie
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temperatures and excellent electrochemical properties. In this study, 0.70Bi FeO -0.30BaTiO (B F-BT, x = -0.01,
1+x 3 3 1+x
0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were successfully fabricated via the conventional
solid-phase reaction process. Crystallographic structure, microstructure, dielectric, impedance, ferroelectric, and
piezoelectric properties among different compositions were comprehensively investigated. The X-ray diffraction
analysis confirmed that all compositions exhibited a typical perovskite structure with a cubic-rhombohedral phase
mixture. The grain size of ceramics tends to increase as the Bi O content rises. In particular, the backscattered
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electron images and energy dispersive analysis revealed prominent core-shell microstructure within grains.
Notably, the BF-BT ceramic containing 1% excess Bi displayed the maximum d ~217 pC/N and ~243 pm/V
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accompanied by a high Curie temperature of 515 °C. The findings demonstrate the potential feasibility of BF-BT
ceramics in the field of lead-free piezoelectric ceramics.

Keywords: Piezoelectric ceramics, lead-free, BF-BT, bismuth, nonstoichiometric

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