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Page 22 of 31 Chen et al. Microstructures 2023;3:2023025 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/microstructures.2023.12

Figure 9. (A) Thermodynamic volcano relation for ORR activity as a function of Gibbs adsorption energy of *OH. Reproduced with the
[159]
permission of Ref. Copyright 2016, Royal Society of Chemistry. (B) Schematic illustrations of the synthesis of the Pt/ZrP catalysts.
Reproduced with the permission of Ref. [164] Copyright 2023 John Wiley and Sons. (C) Schematic diagram of Pt NPs anchored on Ti C T
2 x
3
layer Reproduced with the permission of Ref. [168] Copyright 2020, Elsevier. (D) The radar chart of the performance of TMO, TMN, and
TMC supports.
Pt/TiB was approximately four times better than that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst . However, the
[165]
2
large particle size (1~8 μm) and the low BET surface area of the raw TiB support severely hinder the
2
deposition of Pt NPs. Subsequently, they employed perfluorosulphonic acid as both a proton-conducting
polymer and a stabilizer to strengthen the SMSI between the Pt NPs and the TiB support, enabling the Pt
2
NPs to be strongly anchored and effectively dispersed on the inert ceramic support . In the other
[166]
proposal, Huang et al. made defects on the surface of TiB support by H O etching to create abundant
2
2
2
active sites or functional groups to help the deposition of Pt . The results showed that the mass activity of
[167]
-1
-1
Pt/H O -TiB was 80.3 mA mg , which was significantly higher than that of Pt/TiB at 2.9 mA mg .
2
2
2
2
Although TMP- and TMB-supported Pt-based catalysts have been demonstrated as promising ORR
catalysts, their characteristics of limited conductivity and easy agglomeration cause them to still have a long
way for practical application. Therefore, anchoring them to a conducting substrate may be an effective
strategy to overcome these shortcomings in the future.
MXenes
MXenes are novel two-dimensional (2D) graphene-like transition metal carbides and/or nitrides that have
been developed as competitive candidates for electrocatalyst support for PEMFC applications due to their