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Calvo et al. Omega-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular health

Figure 7: Role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in cardiovascular function. The actions of n3-PUFAs are diverse, including the decrease
of the inflammatory response via NF-kB inhibition, as well as an increase of β-oxidation, causing the catabolism of triaclyglycerides and
contributing to the decrease of lipids stored both in the liver and vessel walls. In addition, by increasing the production of TXA3 in vessel
walls, PUFAs decrease vascular resistance, reducing blood pressure. On the other hand, one of the most described effects of n3-PUFAs is
their action on cardiac arrhythmia, by inhibiting voltage-gated ion channels and exchangers, as well as increasing the vagal tone of the atria
and ventricles, which leads to a lower heart rate. PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids; TXA2: thromboxane A2; TXA3: thromboxane A3; COX-
1: cyclooxygenase 1; DAT: 1,2 diglyceride acyltransferase; TAG: triacylglycerides; NF-kB: nuclear factor kappa B; TLR-4: toll-like receptor 4;
VLDL: very low-density lipoproteins

of the most pressing issues is the assessment of Patient consent
potential adverse effects linked to the therapeutic Not applicable.
implementation of n3-PUFAs, along with the
determination of adequate dosing and sources for these Ethics approval
molecules in a myriad of specific clinical scenarios.
Not applicable.
Authors’ contributions
Article conception and design: M.J. Calvo, M.S. REFERENCES
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