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Page 4 of 12 Hsu et al. Vessel Plus 2021;5:2 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2020.45

Table 1. Comparison of clinical data selected between good and poor outcome patients employed in this study
Good outcome Poor outcome OR CI P value
(N = 23,586, 63.6%) (N = 13,508, 36.4%)
Age, mean (± SD) 63.9 (± 12.8) 71.8 (± 12.6) 1.05 1.05-1.05 < 0.001
Male sex, n (%) 15,322 (65.0%) 6972 (51.6%) 0.58 0.55-0.60 < 0.001
BMI, mean (± SD) 24.9 (± 3.5) 23.9 (± 3.8) 0.93 0.92-0.93 < 0.001
Admission days, mean (± SD) 6.2 (± 4.0) 10.3 (± 7.0) 1.16 1.15-1.17 < 0.001
Ischemia, n (%) 21,695 (92.0%) 11,816 (87.5%) 0.61 0.57-0.65 < 0.001
Medical history, n (%)
Hypertension 18,097 (76.7%) 11,189 (82.8%) 1.46 1.39-1.55 < 0.001
Diabetes 8522 (36.1%) 5939 (44.0%) 1.39 1.33-1.45 < 0.001
Dyslipidemia 12,446 (52.8%) 6631 (49.1%) 0.86 0.83-0.90 < 0.001
Previous CVA 5123 (21.7%) 5358 (39.7%) 2.37 2.26-2.48 < 0.001
Heart disease 6402 (27.1%) 5238 (38.8%) 1.70 1.63-1.78 < 0.001
Cancer 383 (1.6%) 410 (3.0%) 1.90 1.65-2.18 <0.001
Uremia 415 (1.8%) 437 (3.2%) 1.87 1.63-2.14 < 0.001
Smoking 9760 (41.4%) 3969 (29.4%) 0.59 0.56-0.62 < 0.001
Drinking 3632 (15.4%) 1320 (9.8%) 0.60 0.56-0.64 < 0.001
Area, n (%)
North 9839 (41.7%) 3702 (27.4%) 2.58 2.08-3.21 < 0.001
Middle 7812 (33.1%) 6740 (49.9%) 5.92 4.76-7.36 < 0.001
South 5283 (22.4%) 2971 (22.0%) 3.86 3.10-4.81 < 0.001
East 652 (2.8%) 95 (0.7%) Reference Reference Reference
Hospital Scale, n (%)
Medical Center 14,445 (61.2%) 5389 (39.9%) 0.42 0.40-0.85 < 0.001
Regional Hospital 9141 (38.8%) 8095 (59.9%) Reference Reference Reference
Functional assessment, mean
(SD)
NIHSS at admission 3.34 (± 3.64) 10.57 (± 8.37) 1.26 1.25-1.27 < 0.001
NIHSS at discharge 1.87 (± 2.06) 9.36 (± 7.43) 1.67 1.65-1.68 < 0.001
mRS at discharge 1.51 (± 1.00) 3.96 (± 0.94) 8.38 8.03-8.75 < 0.001
Laboratory data, mean (SD)
WBC, 10^9/L 7.71 (± 2.18) 8.10 (± 2.37) 1.08 1.07-1.09 < 0.001
Hemoglobin, g/dL 13.98 (± 1.78) 13.35 (± 1.90) 0.83 0.82-0.84 < 0.001
Albumin, g/dL 3.66 (± 0.28) 3.58 (± 0.34) 0.41 0.38-0.44 < 0.001
Fasting glucose, mg/dL 116.04 (± 23.11) 120.50 (± 23.92) 1.01 1.01-1.01 < 0.001
TC, mg/dL 149.44 (± 54.6) 144.06 (± 53.28) 0.99 0.99-0.99 < 0.001
TG, mg/dL 166.23 (± 51.53) 155.27 (± 53.85) 0.99 0.99-0.99 < 0.001
Treatment, n (%)
Aspirin 6093 (25.8%) 3599 (26.6%) 0.46 0.44-0.48 < 0.001
Heparin 505 (2.1%) 464 (3.4%) 1.63 1.43-1.85 < 0.001
IA thrombolysis 229 (1.0%) 452 (3.3%) 3.53 3.01-4.15 < 0.001
IV t-PA 473 (2.0%) 408 (3.0%) 1.52 1.33-1.74 < 0.001
Foley 1553 (6.6%) 4496 (33.3%) 7.08 6.65-7.54 < 0.001
Rehabilitation 10,587 (44.9%) 10,404 (77.0%) 4.12 3.92-4.32 < 0.001

OR: odds ratio; CI: 95% confidence interval; WBC: white blood cells; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; IA thrombolysis: intra-
arterial thrombolysis; IV t-PA: intravenous tissue plasminogen activator

RESULTS
After data preprocessing and cross-validation steps, the final dataset used in this study contained
37,094 cases (mean age = 66.8, SD = 13.3, 60% male). We compared their clinical information, including
demographic data, medical history, hospital areas, hospital rating scales, functional assessments, laboratory
data, and treatment, between the good and poor outcome patient groups as shown in Table 1. The good
outcome patients were found to be younger (age = 63.9 ± 12.8) and male-predominant (65%) with higher
BMI (24.9). The average hospitalization days were 6.2 and 10.3 in the good and poor outcome groups,
respectively. The TSR included ischemic and hemorrhagic patients, and there were more ischemic patients
(92%) in the good outcome group. Patients with underlying diseases except dyslipidemia were prone to