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Figure 7. Lorentz-force manipulation. Lorentz-force manipulation of the LM wires carrying (A) Ohmic current [98] and (B) electromechanical
current [55] . Reprinted with permission [98] . Copyright 2022, Springer Nature; Reproduced with permission [55] . Copyright 2022, National
Academy of Sciences; (C) Working mechanism of the LM coil electromagnetic magnet [99] . Reprinted with permission. Copyright 2015,
Springer Nature; Lorentz-force manipulation of (D) the LM droplet [95] and (E) film [57] carrying induced current. Reprinted with
permission [95] . Copyright 2018, Elsevier. Reprinted with permission [57] . Copyright 2024, John Wiley and Sons. LM: Liquid metal; PC:
personal computer; DIW: direct ink writing.
The magnetic response of each encapsulated LM wire to a common magnetic field can be precisely and
independently controlled by adjusting the magnitude and polarity of the applied voltage, enabling accurate
regulation of the resulting current and corresponding Lorentz forces [Figure 7A] .
[98]
