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Yan et al. Soft Sci. 2025, 5, 8 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.66 Page 27 of 34

Table 4. Summary of properties of different flexible EMI PCCs
Phase change EMI shielding
Type of filler Properties Potential direction Refs.
packaging technology and enthalpy
MP P MXene Microencapsulation Skin affinity 87.80 dB Personal thermal management [140]
2 1
High mechanical 141.4 J/g EMI protection
property
Thermoregulation
Excellent thermal
storage
PCC/MXene/PVA High mechanical 43.13 dB [141]
property 136.80 J/g
High thermal
conductivity
High electrical
PCNF SWCNTs Polymer molding Breathability 21.50 dB Wearable phase change fabrics [142]
Water resistance 65.00 J/g and EMI protection
Thermal regulation
Radiation resistance
Tensile properties
SPP High mechanical 51.70 dB Heat dissipation and EMI [143]
property 119.20 J/g shielding of small electronic
Excellent thermal devices
storage
Thermal stability
SSPCCs CNTs Porous adsorption High thermal 41.20 dB Thermal management of [144]
conductivity 133.80 J/g mobile phones
Thermal stability
High mechanical
property
CPCM GO High thermal 45.00 dB Thermal management and EMI [145]
conductivity 175.80 J/g shielding of electronic devices
Radiation resistance
Shape stability
MGGF GO Thermal/electrical 55.60 dB Cooling and anti-EMI of [146]
MXene behavior 160.30 J/g electronic equipment
Thermal reliability
Shape stability
FMP Ag Polymer molding High mechanical 35.42 dB EMI shielding and thermal [147]
property 120.00 J/g management of high-power
High thermal devices
conductivity
High electrical
Durability
MPA -PEG AgNPs Porous adsorption Shape memory 82.02 dB CPU thermal management [148]
χ
performance 148.90 J/g
Excellent thermal
storage
High mechanical
property
PCM-coated A- AgNWs Polymer molding Joule heating 72.00 dB Wearable EMI protection and [149]
textile Excellent thermal 138.90 J/g personal thermal management
storage
Infrared anti-
counterfeiting
High thermal
conductivity

EMI: Electromagnetic interference; PCCs: phase change composites; PVA: polyvinyl alcohol; PCNF: phase-change nonwoven fabric; SWCNTs:
single-walled carbon nanotubes; SPP: SWCNT/PEG/PDMS; SSPCCs: shape-stabilized PCCs; CNTs: carbon nanotubes; CPCM: composite phase
change material; GO: graphene oxide; MGGF: MXene-graphene foam; FMP: flexible and magnetically fastened phase change material; PEG:
polyethylene glycol; AgNPs: silver nanoparticles; PCM: phase change material; AgNWs: silver nanowires.

operation and protect against damage from thermal shock, the PCM, as a new type of energy storage
material, can provide thermal management. When combined with flexible electromagnetic shielding
materials, the PCM design enhances both EMI shielding effect and thermal management performance. This