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Wang et al. Soft Sci. 2026, 6, 8 Page 17 of 28

Table 2. Comparison of microwave absorption performance of carbon-based aerogels with the soft-template method

Sample Mass ratio (%) Optimal R L value (dB) f at optimal RL (GHz) d (mm) EAB (GHz) Ref.
DCOFG3 7 -79.80 6.12 2.35 6.96 [89]
FeCo@CCA-100 20 -49.50 9.84 4.05 10.88 [90]
MTF-2 40 -46.30 4.64 4.35 2.24 [91]
CCMC/ZnO@Ni 40 -64.00 13.90 2.00 4.90 [92]
Ni/CNCA - -62.00 ~14.20 2.00 6.00 [93]
CSC-70 1.20 -52.82 11.56 3.10 8.82 [94]
CMCA 11 -59.80 ~13.80 2.68 6.37 [95]
SiCw@C-Fe - -49.20 10.90 2.00 3.60 [96]
P/SiC 90 @Co-C - -40.08 ~12.00 1.90 4.16 [97]
MNG-7 - -36.10 ~12.30 3.10 ~4.20 [98]
Fe 3 N@C - -77.60 ~17.50 2.20 7.76 [99]
Co/Ni-CAs 33 -48.30 ~10.00 2.30 6.76 [100]
CA-Co-1.0 25 -44.70 ~17.30 1.35 5.45 [101]
FFCA-900 - -45.50 9.40 2.60 3.70 [102]
GFC-2 6 -51.60 ~11.80 2.40 5.90 [103]
NCGCA-3 15 -22.70 18.00 1.30 5.20 [106]
Co/CoO/RGO - -61.80 ~11.90 3.80 4.20 [107]
FeO x @C/CNTs@RGO 3 -88.70 ~13.70 2.99 7.30 [108]
HPWA-2 - -66.60 11.70 5.25 4.20 [109]
CNS/Co@NCNT-900 5 -27.50 4.60 2.50 7.40 [110]
Chitin-derived carbon - -92.80 11.60 6.61 4.20 [111]
Chitin-derived carbon - -40.00 10.40 6.90 ~4.20 [112]
5 -61.00 13.84 2.50 6.88 [113]
Carbon@RGO/Fe 3 O 4
FMCM 40 -51.20 11.10 2.90 4.70 [114]
ZFGA4 -72.20 ~16.00 2.10 8.40 [115]
NiMR-H 0.64 -75.20 ~15.80 2.15 7.30 [116]
WCC-2 - -72.00 ~12.00 2.60 6.30 [117]
70 -59.00 9.10 3.00 7.00 [118]
FeSiB@C@NiBr 2
PPy@BNC - -53.00 9.40 4.00 4.20 [119]
MC/RGO 5 -62.40 ~15.00 2.20 5.70 [120]
CNF/FeCoNi/CNT10 - -43.60 16.59 2.50 7.43 [121]
1.84 -50.21 10.80 3.00 4.20 [122]
CNW/Si 3 N 4
Co-OPC-2 20 -43.19 ~16.50 1.70 6.86 [123]
EDCF-7 5 -58.08 16.86 1.27 ~3.00 [124]
Fe 3 O 4 @PBA 20 -57.01 10.20 4.00 4.58 [125]
3DOM RF-300 17 -42.33 10.72 2.40 4.80 [126]
3D-CFO@CN-2 20 -52.29 ~15.50 2.00 5.36 [127]
CN-Ni-1.2 - -43.28 ~16.00 2.00 5.00 [128]
Fe 3 O 4 @NC-700 - -65.50 14.50 2.30 7.10 [129]
Ni@SiO 2 /NGN 15 -71.13 13.76 2.46 7.04 [130]
S-0.8-700 20 -25.80 ~14.00 2.20 7.10 [131]
FP-7 30 -71.30 ~14.80 1.87 4.64 [132]
RGO@CNF/GO-10 - -47.30 ~9.50 3.00 9.44 [133]
CSC-327 5.5 -36.10 17.52 1.60 6.32 [39]
RL: Reflection loss; EAB: effective absorption bandwidth; CNTs: carbon nanotubes; RGO: reduced graphene oxide; 3D: three-dimensional.