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Page 24 of 28 Zhang et al. Soft Sci 2024;4:39 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.34

neurological condition of the patients. This adaptability is especially beneficial when used with hydrogel
electrodes, which are applied in long-term monitoring scenarios. In addition, the combination of hydrogel
electrodes and machine learning enables more personalized medical interventions. Algorithms can learn
individual neural patterns and tailor stimulation protocols or therapeutic responses accordingly, potentially
improving outcomes in neurological therapies.

DELARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Drafted the manuscript: Zhang M, Hao M, Lu Q, Ma J, Zhao Y
Reviewed the paper: Zhang M, Hao M, Liu B, Chen J, Ren G, Zhao Y, Guo J, Zhuang L, Zhao S, Peng Z,
Lian J, Wu J, Chen Y, Ma J, Lu Q

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
The authors acknowledge the funding support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China
(62204210), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20220284), and XJTLU Research
Development Funding (RDF-21-01-027), the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation (2022J252), Zhejiang
Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LBY22H180001) and Ningbo Key Laboratory of Molecular
Target Screening and Application (2023-BZDS).

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2024.

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