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Zhao et al. Soft Sci. 2026, 6, 4 Page 13 of 15

Financial support and sponsorship
This work was supported by the Aeronautics Science Foundation Program (ASFC-20240029070001), the
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62201446), the Young Talent Support Plan of Xi’an Jiaotong
University (0020220023), and the Medicine-Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Program (YGJC202207
and YGJC202208).

Conflicts of interest
Gan, J. is affiliated with Avic Aerospace Life-Support Industries, LTD., while the other authors have declared
that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
This study adhered to local regulations and ethical standards, involving exclusively non-invasive monitoring
of body movements and physiological signals. Since no sensitive personal data were collected and the
procedures involved no commercial interests or risk of participant harm, the study was deemed exempt from
formal ethical review. All signal tests involving human subjects were conducted with the informed consent of
the participants, who are also co-authors of this study.

Consent for publication
The participants involved in the study have provided informed consent for the publication of any potentially
identifying images.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2026.

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