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Zhao et al. Soft Sci. 2025, 5, 10 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.61 Page 11 of 13

CONCLUSIONS
In this work, we present a high-performance and low-cost strain sensor using green solvent and printing
techniques. The proposed graphene-CNTs-TPU/fabric strain sensor displayed a broad sensing range (0%-
112%), high sensitivity (GF > 210), an exceptionally low sensing limit (~ 0.1 %), outstanding response
symmetry, and endurance through over 3,000 cycles. The sensor’s operational performance and underlying
mechanism were investigated from both macroscopic and microscopic viewpoints. When integrated with
wireless test systems, the sensors find application in the realms of human exercise and healthcare
monitoring. A sleep posture monitoring system has been engineered to monitor sleep positions,
highlighting the promising application potential of this system within sleep monitoring.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Conceptualization: He, P.; Yang, J.
Methodology, original draft preparation, and writing: Zhao, W.; Ling, K.; He, P.; Yang, J.
Provided administrative, technical, and material support: Gao, C.; Wang, K.; Wu, L.
Data analysis: Zhao, W.; Ling, K.
Conceptualization, funding acquisition, project administration, resources, supervision and writing, review
and editing: He, P.; Yang, J.

Availability of data and materials
The detailed characterizations and methods are available in the Supplementary Materials. Other raw data
that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Financial support and sponsorship
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52173192) and the
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB3803300).

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines and approved by the Medical Ethics
Committee of Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University (No. 20240069). All participants
were informed about the experimental procedure and signed the informed consent forms prior to
participation.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2025.

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