Page 154 - Read Online

Wang et al. Soft Sci. 2025, 5, 28 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2025.11 Page 5 of 29

Figure 2. Sensor arrays with different work mechanisms and material components. (A) PDA@ZnO-based piezoelectric sensor array.
Reproduced with permission [49] . Copyright 2024 Elsevier. PVDF-based piezoelectric sensor array. Reproduced with permission [50] .
Copyright 2019 Elsevier; (B) CNTs/PDMS-based piezoresistive sensor array [57] . Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2016 Springer
Nature. Graphene-oxide-based piezoresistive sensor array. Reproduced with permission [58] . Copyright 2019 ACS Publications; (C)
Polyurethane sponge-based capacitance sensor array. Reproduced with permission [59] . Copyright 2025 OAE Publishing. Porous PDMS-
based capacitance sensor array. Reproduced with permission [60] . Copyright 2021 Elsevier; (D) PTFE-based triboelectric sensor array.
Reproduced with permission [64] . Copyright 2020 Wiley-VCH. HDPE/PEO-based array. Reproduced with permission [65] . Copyright 2024
Elsevier; (E) AgNFs-AgNWs-based integrated multimodal sensor array. Reproduced with permission [70] . Copyright 2018 Springer
Nature. BaTiO /PVDF-based coupled multimode sensor array. Reproduced with permission [71] . Copyright 2025 Elsevier. PDA@ZnO:
3
Polydopamine-modified zinc oxide; PVDF: polyvinylidene fluoride; CNTs: carbon nanotubes; PDMS: polydimethylsiloxane; AgNFs: silver
nanofibers; AgNWs: silver nanowires; PTFE: polytetrafluoroethylene; HDPE: high-density polyethylene; PEO: polyoxyrthylene; PVC:
polyvinyl chloride; PI: polyimide.

materials, these sensors couple multiple sensing mechanisms together to enable comprehensive perception
of different physical quantities. Liu et al. fabricated a sensor array based on piezoelectric-triboelectric
coupling using BaTiO /PVDF as a composite material, enhancing keystroke signal characteristics for
3
recognizing dynamic keystroke patterns and effectively improving the security level of human-computer
[71]
interaction systems .
Electrode arrangement and structure design
The structural design of a flexible pressure sensor array can be categorized into two primary aspects:
coplanar electrode arrangement and sensitive layer microstructure optimization. Shi et al. fabricated a
nano-silver symmetric electrode on the surface of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film using spin-coating