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Tang et al. Soft Sci. 2025, 5, 11 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.62 Page 17 of 21

Authors’ contributions
Manuscript structuring and writing: Tang, X.
Manuscript editing: Qi, C.
Manuscript structuring and editing: Sun, Q.

Availability of data and materials
Not applicable.

Financial support and sponsorship
This work was supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program (Grant Nos. 2023YFG0220 and
2023ZYD0064) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Research Funding
from West China School/Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University (No. QDJF2022-2).

Conflicts of interest
All authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2025.

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