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Park et al. Soft Sci 2024;4:28 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.22 Page 15 of 28

Figure 7. (A) The different crosslinked network structure determines the strain recovery property and foldability. The CSN network is
suitable for flexible adhesives because it incorporates both covalent crosslinked network and movable crosslinked network, allowing
controlled movement of the polymer [87] . Reproduced with permission. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V.; (B) The PEG contained urethane
[2]
acrylate linker shows superior strain recovery rate compared with commercial linker . Reproduced with permission. Copyright © 2023
Wiley VCH GmbH; (C) The hyperelastic adhesive prevents wrinkles after deformation. Viscoelastic materials on the surface and
hyperelastic materials in the bulk created a heterogeneous network [140] . Reproduced with permission. Copyright © 2022 American
Chemical Society; (D) The cross-linked network is formed by photo iCVD method. The frequency sweep test and the dynamic
temperature sweep test exhibit network formation of polymer indicating plateau region and rubbery region [141] . Reproduced with
permission. Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society; (E) The crosslinking density of adhesive could be controlled by manipulating
UV intensity through grayscale mask [144] . Reproduced with permission. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V.; (F) The schematic depicts the
bicontinuous phase of a heterogeneous adhesive induced by polymerization-induced microphase separation [145] . Reproduced with
permission. Copyright © 2024 Wiley VCH GmbH. CSN: Confined sliding network; PEG: poly(ethylene glycol); iCVD: initiated chemical
vapor deposition; UV: ultraviolet.

Additionally, the degree of crosslinking can be controlled by modifying the manufacturing process. Unlike
traditional methods, using photo-initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) allows the formation of
crosslinked networks without the need for crosslinkers [24,141] . Moon et al. revealed that adhesives produced