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Lee et al. Soft Sci 2024;4:38 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.36 Page 15 of 31

Figure 11. Homogeneous elastomers with patterned crosslink density. (A) Elastomer films with spatially patterned crosslink density
achieved through a gradient thermal profile during the crosslinking process, along with an example of artificial iris application.
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Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2024, Elsevier; (B) Schematic of an elastomer substrate with enhanced local crosslink
density through UV patterning and a performance comparison with previous studies on rigid island applications. Reproduced with
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permission . Copyright 2024, Wiley-VCH; (C) Schematic of TPV with varied modulus achieved by blending BPE and PLA (left),
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alongside a TEM micrograph of the TPV structure (right). Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2015, The Royal Society of
Chemistry. UV: Ultraviolet; TPV: thermoplastic vulcanizate; BPE: blending polyester elastomer; PLA: polylactide; TEM: transmission
electron microscope.

Figure 12. Schematic diagrams of elastomer films with integrated structures for strain control. (A) Pristine elastomer without structural
integration; (B and C) Elastomer film with a (B) 1D structural frame and (B) 2D structural frame embedded within the elastomer
matrices, respectively.

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pattern, which was embedded into an elastomer matrix . This resulted in a substrate with anisotropic
deformation properties based on the alignment axis of the line pattern and the direction of stretching