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Zhu et al. Soft Sci 2024;4:17 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.05 Page 5 of 38

Figure 2. (A) Schematic diagram of common pressure sensing mechanisms: (i) resistive, (ii) capacitive, (iii) piezoelectric, (iv)
triboelectric; (B) the microstructure and sensing mechanism of porous MWCNT-PGS sensors [45] ; (C) the structure, performance,
sensing mechanism of piezoresistive sensors with interlocking microsphere array interlocked microdome arrays structure [46,47] ; (D) the
preparation process and microstructure of the multi-scale dome/spire + stepped structure pressure sensor [51] . MWCNT-PGS: A
biodegradable porous piezoresistive sensor; PDMS: polydimethylsiloxane; PEDOT: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).

area between the specially shaped interlocking arrays can be rapidly increased, the pressure sensors of this
structure possess higher performance as pressure sensors in low-pressure states . Not only pressure
[48]
sensing, sensors with this structure also perform well in other sensing fields such as strain, shear force,
bending, and torsion [49,50] .