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Figure 12. Sweat-based platform data display methods. (A) Mobile phone display for sweat sensor data. Reproduced under the terms
and conditions of the CC BY [69] . Copyright 2022, Author(s), published by Springer Nature; (B) Colorimetric assays in chronometric
microfluidic platforms for sweat sensing. Reproduced under the terms and conditions of the CC BY-NC [60] . Copyright 2022, Author(s),
published by The American Association for the Advancement of Science; (C) LED-based health status sensing and visualization system.
Reproduced under the terms and conditions of the CC BY [150] . Copyright 2023, Author(s), published by Wiley VCH GmbH; (D) Skin-
integrated sweat monitor with mechanical stimulus and LED safety warning. Reproduced with permission [159] . Copyright 2021, Wiley-
VCH. LED: Light-emitting diode.
device level (including sensors, powering systems, and electronic components), ensuring an adequate sweat
supply, highly sensitive sensors with low energy consumption still pose significant challenges.
From the sweat sampling methods, enabling sweat secretion in sedentary environments is crucial for
expanding their applications beyond sports-related scenarios. However, iontophoresis, while showing
