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Figure 8. Sweat-based biofuel cells. (A) Illustration of lactate-based sweat-activated BFC. Reproduced under the terms and conditions of
the CC BY [120] . Copyright 2023, Author(s), published by MDPI; (B) Flexible enzymatic fuel cell utilizing 1, 4-naphthoquinone/MWCNT-
Modified bio-anode and PVA hydrogel electrolyte. Reproduced with permission [130] . Copyright 2022, Elsevier; (C) Illustration of glucose-
based sweat-activated biofuel cells. Reproduced with permission [137] . Copyright 2022, Wiley-VCH; (D) Glucose Biofuel Cell on a Cotton
Textile Cloth Platform. Reproduced with permission [138] . Copyright 2019, Elsevier; (E) Illustration and demonstration of ethanol-based
sweat-activated biofuel cells. Reproduced with permission [139] . Copyright 2021, Elsevier; (F) Illustration of bacteria metabolism-based
sweat-activated biofuel cells. Reproduced with permission [140] . Copyright 2022, American Chemical Society; (G) Self-powered e-skins
[141]
generate electricity from sweat-eating bacteria. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2020, Elsevier. BFC: Biofuel cells; MWCNT:
multi-walled carbon nanotube; PVA: polyvinyl alcohol.
respectively expressed as
