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Jung et al. Soft Sci 2024;4:15 Soft Science
DOI: 10.20517/ss.2024.02

Review Article Open Access

Wearable electrochemical sensors for real-time

monitoring in diabetes mellitus and associated
complications

2,#
2,#
Han Hee Jung 1,#,* , Hyeokjun Lee , Junwoo Yea , Kyung-In Jang 2,*
1
Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Hannam University, Daejeon 34430, Republic of Korea.
2
Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988,
Republic of Korea.
#
Authors contributed equally.
* Correspondence to: Prof. Kyung-In Jang, Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of
Science and Technology, 333 Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea. E-mail:
kijang@dgist.ac.kr; Prof. Han Hee Jung, Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Hannam University, 70
Hannam-ro, Daedeok-gu, Daejeon 34430, Republic of Korea. E-mail: hanheejung18@hnu.kr

How to cite this article: Jung HH, Lee H, Yea J, Jang KI. Wearable electrochemical sensors for real-time monitoring in diabetes
mellitus and associated complications. Soft Sci 2024;4:15. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/ss.2024.02

Received: 30 Jan 2024 First Decision: 28 Feb 2024 Revised: 21 Mar 2024 Accepted: 2 Apr 2024 Published: 23 Apr 2024

Academic Editors: Roozbeh Ghaffari, Zhifeng Ren Copy Editor: Dong-Li Li Production Editor: Dong-Li Li

Abstract
This comprehensive review underscores the pivotal role wearable electrochemical sensors play in the proactive
management and prevention of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated complications. Acknowledging the
substantial impact of DM on individuals and the urgency for effective monitoring strategies, wearable sensors have
emerged as a pragmatic solution. These sensors can detect analytical signals from biofluids, including sweat, tears,
saliva, and interstitial fluid (ISF), employing minimally invasive techniques facilitated by technological
advancements. The seamless integration of these sensors with computational platforms such as smartphones
enhances their practicality for routine use. The review systematically explores diverse methodologies,
encompassing both enzymatic and non-enzymatic principles, employed for the surveillance of analytes within
biofluids. These foundational principles are meticulously applied to wearable devices, affording point-of-care
solutions catering to the detection of individual analytes or simultaneous multiplexed analyte detection. The
integration of wireless systems and the incorporation of machine learning algorithms introduce a layer of
sophistication, elevating the capability of these sensors for the nuanced monitoring of DM and its complications.
Through an in-depth analysis of these advancements, this review describes the significant potential of wearable
electrochemical sensors as an essential tool for real-time monitoring and managing DM. The diverse approaches

© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as
long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and
indicate if changes were made.

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