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Table 1: Patient characteristics Table 2: Case characteristics
Overall Complications Overall Complications
n % n % n % n %
Overall 6,016 378 Overall 6,016 378
Race ASA classification
White 2,773 46.1 154 40.7 1 1,682 28.0 97 25.7
Black 918 15.3 57 15.1 2 3,629 60.4 214 56.6
Hispanic 33 0.5 0 0.0 3 688 11.4 67 17.7
Other 53 0.9 1 0.3 4 11 0.2 0 0.0
Unknown 2,239 37.2 166 43.9 Year of procedure
Age, years 2005-2009 1,718 28.6 100 26.5
< 45 3,009 50.0 185 48.9 2010-2013 4,298 71.4 278 73.5
45-65 2,663 44.3 175 46.3
Admission status
> 65 344 5.7 18 4.8 Inpatient 877 14.6 81 21.4
Diabetes Outpatient 5,139 85.4 297 78.6
None 5,736 95.3 350 92.6 Operative time (min),
Any diabetes 280 4.7 28 7.4 median and range 148 13-739 148 30-484
Insulin dependent 52 0.9 6 1.6 Complication rates were analyzed in terms of the following case
Non-insulin characteristics: American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification
dependent 228 3.8 22 5.8 (1, 2, 3, or 4), year of procedure, inpatient versus outpatient, and operative
time
Active smoking 675 11.2 57 15.1
Alcohol use 40 0.7 5 1.3 Table 3: Complications
Dependent functional
status 16 0.3 1 0.3 Overall Complications
Respiratory disease 169 2.8 17 4.5 n % n %
Chronic obstructive Overall 6,016 378
pulmonary disease 40 0.7 4 1.1
Surgical complication 100 1.7 100 26.5
Dyspnea 142 2.4 15 4.0
Hypertension 1,307 21.7 100 26.5 Wound complication 275 4.6 275 72.8
30-day prior wound Medical complication 38 0.6 38 10.1
infection 23 0.4 4 1.1
Return to operating room 99 1.6 99 26.2
Heart disease 34 0.6 3 0.8 Superficial SSI 208 3.5 208 55.0
Previous cardiac
surgery 31 0.5 2 0.5 Deep SSI 29 0.5 29 7.7
History of angina 4 0.1 1 0.3 Organ/space SSI 4 0.1 4 1.1
Recent weight loss 12 0.2 1 0.3 Wound dehiscence 42 0.7 42 11.1
Bleeding disorder 28 0.5 3 0.8 Venous thromboembolism 8 0.1 8 2.1
Preoperative sepsis 6 0.1 0 0.0 Pulmonary embolism 7 0.1 7 1.9
Prior operation within 30 Deep venous
days 8 0.1 0 0.0 thrombosis 3 0.1 3 0.8
Overall comorbidities Unplanned reintubation 2 0.1 2 0.5
0 3,722 61.9 195 51.6 Urinary tract infection 8 0.1 8 2.1
1 1,725 28.7 125 33.1 Other bleeding 15 0.2 15 4.0
2 or more 569 9.5 58 15.3
Surgical complications included graft failure and an unplanned return to
Total comorbidities were determined by evaluating the following the operating room. Wound complications included superficial surgical
comorbidities: diabetes, smoking, alcohol use, dependent functional site infection (SSI), deep SSI, organ/space SSI and wound dehiscence.
status, respiratory disease (ventilator dependence, chronic obstructive Medical complications contained National Surgical Quality Improvement
pulmonary disease, pneumonia and dyspnea), hypertension, history of Program defined endpoints including renal complication (renal failure
transient ischemic attack and cerebrovascular accident, 30-day prior and renal insufficiency), neurological complications (cerebrovascular
wound infection, steroid use, liver disease, heart disease (congestive accident, coma, peripheral nerve injury), cardiac complications
heart failure, myocardial infarction, previous cardiac surgery, history (myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest), sepsis, death, venous
of angina), recent weight loss, bleeding disorder, low albumin, low thromboembolism, failure to wean, reintubation, pneumonia, bleeding,
hematocrit, preoperative sepsis, prior operation within 30 days and urinary tract infection

active smoking, alcohol use, dependent functional status, disease and dyspnea), hypertension, wound infection
respiratory disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary with in the prior 30 days, heart disease (previous
Plast Aesthet Res || Volume 3 || July 28, 2016 261