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No other therapies were used. The patients were asked After 2 weeks and after 3 months: there was no
to stop taking other pain medications and receiving other statistically significant difference between percentage
therapies. Cetal (paracetmol 500 mg [micronized] tablets, reduction in pain scores of Groups III and IV; both showed
Egyptian International Pharmaceutical Industries Co., Cairo, a statistically significantly highest mean percentage
Egypt) was prescribed as a pain killer only as required. reduction in pain scores. There was no statistically
significant difference between percentage reduction in
Evaluation of four groups was performed at six stages: pain scores of Groups I and II; both showed a statistically
prior to the treatment, after 2 weeks (mid-treatment), significantly lowest mean percentage reduction in pain
after 4 weeks (end of treatment), and monthly thereafter scores [Table 3].
for 3 months.
For all time periods: there was no statistically significant
The data regarding the pain scores were presented as difference between pain scores in Groups I and II; both
mean ± standard deviation values. For the pain scores showed statistically significant higher mean scores. There
and percentage changes in different variables, the data was no statistically significant difference between pain
showed a nonparametric distribution; therefore, the scores in Groups III and IV; both showed statistically
Mann–Whitney U-test (a nonparametric alternative to the significant lowest mean scores [Table 4].
Student’s t‑test) was used to compare the two groups. The
Wilcoxon signed-rank test (a nonparametric alternative to In Group I, there was nonstatistically significant reduction
the paired t‑test) was used to study the changes in mean in mean pain scores for all time periods.
pain scores over time.
In Group II, there was nonsignificant reduction in mean
The MMO data showed parametric distribution; therefore, pain scores after 2 weeks, and a statistically significant
the Student’s t-test was used to compare the two groups. reduction in mean pain scores after 3 months.
In addition, the paired t-test was also used to study the In Groups III and IV, there was a statistically significant
changes in MMO observations over time.
reduction in mean pain scores for all time periods [Table 5].
The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Statistical
analysis was performed using IBM SPSS* statistics The percentage change was calculated as before.
®
version 20 (IBM Corporation, NY, USA). After 2 weeks and after 3 months: there was no statistically
significant difference between percentage reduction in
RESULTS
Table 1: The mean, SD values and results of Kruskal–
Pain Wallis test for comparison between pain scores (at rest)
Preoperatively: there was no statistically significant in the four groups
difference between pain scores in Groups I and II; Time Group I Group II Group III Group IV P value
although both showed statistically significantly lower mean period Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
scores. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant
difference between pain scores in Groups III and IV, both Preoperative 4.7 b 3.3 3.7 b 2.7 6.6 a 2.5 6.4 a 2.7 0.008*
showed statistically significant higher mean scores. 2 weeks 4.4 a 1.7 3.4 b 3 2.8 b 2.8 1.8 c 2 0.034*
3 months 4.1 a 2.9 2.9 b 3.1 1.8 c 2.2 1 c 1.7 0.008*
After 2 weeks, Group I showed a statistically significant *Significant at P≤0.05, different letters are statistically significantly different
higher mean score. There was no statistically significant according to Mann–Whitney U‑test. SD: Standard deviation
difference between pain scores in Groups II and III;
both showed lower mean scores. Group IV showed a
statistically significantly lowest mean score. Table 2: The mean differences, SD values and results
of Wilcoxon signed-rank test for the changes by time
After 3 months, Group I showed a statistically significantly in mean pain scores (at rest) of each group
highest mean score, followed by Group II and then Group Time period Mean SD P value
Group III. Group IV showed a statistically significantly difference
lowest mean score [Table 1]. I Preoperative to 2 weeks −0.3 3.4 0.574

For all time periods: in Groups I and II, there was Preoperative to 3 months −0.6 3.9 0.607
nonstatistically significant decrease in mean pain scores. II Preoperative to 2 weeks −0.3 2.4 0.623
In Groups III and IV, there was a statistically significant Preoperative to 3 months −0.9 3.9 0.327
lower mean pain scores [Table 2]. III Preoperative to 2 weeks −3.8 2.4 0.003*
Preoperative to 3 months −4.8 2.4 0.003*
The percentage change was calculated as: IV Preoperative to 2 weeks −4.6 2.9 0.001*
(Preoperative score) − (Postoperative score ) × 100 Preoperative to 3 months −5.4 3.2 0.001*
Preoperative scorre *Significant at P≤0.05. SD: Standard deviation

24 Plast Aesthet Res || Vol 1 || Issue 1 || Jun 2014