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Page 8 of 17 Preto et al. Plast Aesthet Res. 2025;12:28 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2347-9264.2025.26
Figure 3. Final appearance.
In addition to minor complications, major complications (Clavien-Dindo III-IV) were observed in 21.2% of
cases. The majority were grade III complications, primarily meatal stenosis, affecting 7 patients (14.9%), all
of whom required surgical correction via ventral meatoplasty performed in a day surgery setting. One
patient (2.4%) developed a rectovaginal fistula requiring a temporary colostomy, which ultimately led to
permanent functional impairment due to neovaginal stenosis. Moreover, esthetic revision surgery was
performed in 4 out of 47 patients (8.5%), primarily for minor corrections such as asymmetries or
irregularities of the external genitalia. However, detailed classification of these revision requests was not
recorded in the retrospective data collection.
