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Moshrefi et al.                                                                                                                                                                              Propeller flaps for trunk wounds

           surgeons. Despite its broad applicability and use, little   10.  Ang  GG,  Rozen  WM,  Chauhan  A,  Acosta  R.  The  pedicled
           is published regarding propeller flap reconstruction in   ‘propeller’deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap for a large
                                                                 abdominal wall defect. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2011;64:133-5.
           trunk wounds. More aggregate data is needed in order   11.  Xu Y, Hai H, Liang Z, Feng S, Wang C. Pedicled fasciocutaneous flap
           to further review, evaluate, and refine propeller flap   of multi-island design for large sacral defects. Clin Orthop Relat Res
           techniques and results.                               2009;467:2135-41.
                                                              12.  Zang M, Yu S, Xu L, Zhao Z, Zhu S, Ding Q, Liu Y. Intercostal artery
           DECLARATIONS                                          perforator propeller flap for reconstruction of trunk defects following
                                                                 sarcoma resection. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2015;68:822-9.
                                                              13.  Oh TS, Hallock G, Hong JP. Freestyle propeller flaps to reconstruct
           Authors’ contributions                                defects of the posterior trunk: a simple approach to a difficult problem.
           Inception of the study, study design, and written     Ann Plast Surg 2012;68:79-82.
           manuscript: S. Moshrefi, G.K. Lee                  14.  Yu S, Zang M, Xu L, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Zhu S, Chen B, Ding Q, Liu
                                                                 Y. Perforator propeller flap for oncologic reconstruction of soft tissue
                                                                 defects in trunk and extremities. Ann Plast Surg 2016;77:456-63.
           Financial support and sponsorship                  15.  Yuste  V,  Delgado  J,  Silva  M,  Rodrigo  J,  Albiñana  F.  The  double
           None.                                                 gluteal  myocutaneous  propeller  flap  for  the  coverage  of  massive
                                                                 myelomingoceles. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2014;67:737-8.
           Conflicts of interest                              16.  Schmidt VJ, Horch RE, Dragu A, Beier JP, Eyüpoglu IY, Hirsch A,
           There are no conflicts of interest.                   Kneser U. Myocutaneous propeller flap based on the superior gluteal
                                                                 artery  (SGA)  for  closure  of  large  lumbosacral  meningomyelocoele
                                                                 defects: a case report. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2012;65:521-4.
           Patient consent                                    17.  Kim DY, Kim HY, Han YS, Park JH. Chest wall reconstruction with a
           Not applicable.                                       lateral thoracic artery perforator propeller flap for a radiation ulcer on
                                                                 the anterior chest. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2013;66:134-6.
           Ethics approval                                    18.  Brunetti  B,  Tenna  S,  Aveta  A,  Poccia  I,  Segreto  F,  Cerbone  V,
           Not applicable.                                       Persichetti P. Posterior trunk reconstruction with the dorsal intercostal
                                                                 artery  perforator  based  flap:  clinical  experience  on  20  consecutive
                                                                 oncological cases. Microsurgery 2016;36:546-51.
           REFERENCES                                         19.  Ioannidis S, Spyropoulou GA, Sadigh P, Shih HS, Jeng SF. Pedicled
                                                                 free-style perforator flaps for trunk reconstruction: a reliable method.
                                                                 Plast Reconstr Surg 2015;135:602-9.
           1.   Kroll SS, Rosenfield L. Perforator-based flaps for low posterior midline   20.  Kneser U, Beier JP, Schmitz M, Arkudas A, Dragu A, Schmidt VJ,
               defects. Plast Reconstr Surg 1988;81:561-6.       Kremer T, Horch RE. Zonal perfusion patterns in pedicled free-style
           2.   Koshima I, Soeda S. Inferior epigastric artery skin flaps without rectus   perforator flaps. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2014;67:e9-17.
               abdominis muscle. Br J Plast Surg 1989;42:645-8.  21.  Iida  T,  Narushima  M,  Yoshimatsu  H,  Mihara  M,  Kikuchi  K,  Hara
           3.   Brunetti  B,  Tenna  S,  Poccia  I,  Persichetti  P.  Propeller  flaps  with   H, Yamamoto T, Araki J, Koshima I. Versatility of lateral cutaneous
               reduced  rotational  angles:  clinical  experience  on  40  consecutive   branches  of  intercostal  vessels  and  nerves:  anatomical  study  and
               reconstructions performed at different anatomical sites. Ann Plast Surg   clinical application. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2013;66:1564-8.
               2017;78:202-7.                                 22.  Gunnarsson GL, Jackson IT, Westvik TS, Thomsen JB. The freestyle
           4.   Zang  M,  Guo  L,  Liu  Y.  Propeller  medial  arm  flap:  a  plan  “B”  for   pedicle  perforator  flap:  a  new  favorite  for  the  reconstruction  of
               reconstruction of radiation ulcer of the chest wall. J Plast Reconstr   moderate-sized defects of the torso and extremities. Eur J Plast Surg
               Aesthet Surg 2014;67:1769-70.                     2015;38:31-6.
           5.   Moon SH, Choi JY, Lee JH, Oh DY, Rhie JW, Ahn ST. Feasibility of   23.  Baghaki S, Diyarbakirlioglu M, Sahin U, Kucuksucu MA, Turna A,
               a deepithelialized superior gluteal artery perforator propeller flap for   Baca  B,  Aydın  Y.  Extended  locoregional  use  of  intercostal  artery
               various lumbosacral defects. Ann Plast Surg 2015;74:589-93.  perforator propeller flaps. Microsurgery 2017;37:293-9.
           6.   Cheng  A,  Saint-Cyr  M.  Use  of  a  pre-expanded  “propeller”  deep   24.  Saint-Cyr M, Wong C, Schaverien M, Mojallal A, Rohrich RJ. The
               inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap for a large abdominal wall   perforasome theory: vascular anatomy and clinical implications. Plast
               defect. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2013;66:851-4.  Reconstr Surg 2009;124:1529-44.
           7.   D’Arpa S, Cordova A, Pignatti M, Moschella F. Freestyle pedicled   25.  Ono S, Hayashi H, Ohi H, Ogawa R. Imaging studies for preoperative
               perforator flaps: safety, prevention of complications, and management   planning of perforator flaps: an overview. Clin Plast Surg 2017;44:21-
               based on 85 consecutive cases. Plast Reconstr Surg 2011;128:892-906.  30.
           8.   Go  JY,  Lim  SY,  Mun  GH,  Bang  SI,  Oh  KS,  Pyon  JK.  Recycling   26.  Wong CH, Cui F, Tan BK, Liu Z, Lee HP, Lu C, Foo CL, Song C.
               delayed perforator flap: Deep inferior epigastric artery perforator-based   Nonlinear finite element simulations to elucidate the determinants of
               propeller flap from a prior vertical rectus abdominis musculocutaneous   perforator patency in propeller flaps. Ann Plast Surg 2007;59:672-8.
               flap. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2011;64:1238-41.  27.  Pignatti  M,  Ogawa  R,  Hallock  GG,  Mateev  M,  Georgescu  AV,
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            208                                                                                    Plastic and Aesthetic Research ¦ Volume 4 ¦ November 30, 2017
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