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Liu et al.                                                                                                                                                                   Necroptosis and immune dysfunction in ALS

           specific inflammation by enhancing angiogenesis and   Patient consent
           recruiting neutrophil and other innate immune cells and   Not applicable.
           cause stand-by damage to MNs; (2) interacting with
           infiltrating  macrophage  and/or  glial  cells  (microglial   Ethics approval
           cells and astrocytes) and initiating an autoimmune   Not applicable.
           response  specifically  attacking  MN.  We  think  these
           two mechanisms may be present at the same time     REFERENCES
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                                                                 DD,  Caliendo  J, Hentati  A, Kwon  YW, Deng HX.  Motor neuron
           Designed and supervised this study: J.J. Xin          degeneration  in mice  that  express a human  Cu,Zn superoxide
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           This work was supported by a grant from Muscular      Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1999;58:459-71.
           Dystrophy Association (MDA202906). John J. Xin is   13.  Li M, Ona VO, Guégan C, Chen M, Jackson-Lewis V, Andrews LJ,
           also supported by the Leukemia Research Foundation    Olszewski  AJ, Stieg  PE, Lee  JP,  Przedborski  S, Friedlander  RM.
           New Investigator Award (8th Annual George Richard     Functional  role of caspase-1 and caspase-3 in an  ALS transgenic
                                                                 mouse model. Science 2000;288:335-9.
           Memorial Grant).                                   14.  Morrice JR, Gregory-Evans CY, Shaw CA. Necroptosis in amyotrophic
                                                                 lateral  sclerosis and other neurological  disorders.  Biochim Biophys
           Conflicts of interest                                 Acta 2017;1863:347-53.
           There are no conflicts of interest.                15.  Zhao W, Beers DR, Bell S, Wang J, Wen S, Baloh RH, Appel SH.
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