Page 70 - Read Online
P. 70
Consistent with our findings, other studies have shown for editing the language of the manuscript and Ms.
that there was no significant difference between men Hosseini for her help.
and women with respect to HRQoL; [13,25] however, some
studies have reported that women with MS had lower Financial support and sponsorship
[26]
[27]
HRQoL scores than men. Casetta et al. have studied Nil.
370 patients with MS to evaluate gender differences with
respect to HRQoL and have reported that the impact Conflicts of interest
of disability is significantly more in men, especially There are no conflicts of interest.
when measured using HRQoL scales that are related
to mental well-being. REFERENCES
1. Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2008;372:1502-17.
Our findings show that when compared with married 2. Multiple Sclerosis International Federation: Atlas of MS 2013.
patients, unmarried patients with MS attained better London, England, 2013.
(but not statistically significant) scores in the majority 3. Taillefer MC, Dupuis G, Roberge MA, LeMay S. Health-related
quality of life models: systematic review of the literature. Soc Indic
of QoL domains. This finding lies in contrast to Res 2003;64:293-323.
results of other studies which have shown that QoL 4. Da Rocha NS, Schuch FB, Fleck MP. Gender differences in
perception of quality of life in adults with and without chronic health
scores are lower in unmarried patients. Whereas the conditions: the role of depressive symptoms. J Health Psychol
[28]
support provided by family members alleviates some 2014;19:721-9.
physical and mental problems in patients with chronic 5. Šabanagić-Hajrić S, Alajbegović A. Impacts of education level
and employment status on health-related quality of life in multiple
diseases such as MS, increasing disability and sexual sclerosis patients. Med Glas (Zenica) 2015;12:61-7.
dysfunction in patients who have no supporting 6. Lessan-Pezeshki M, Rostami Z. Contributing factors in health-related
family can result in lower HRQoL. Although in our quality of life assessment of ESRD patients: a single center study. Int
J Nephrol Urol 2009;1:129-36.
study there was no relationship between age and 7. Prazeres F, Figueiredo D. Measuring quality of life of old type 2
HRQoL among patients with MS, other studies have diabetic patients in primary care in Portugal: a cross-sectional study.
J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014;13:68.
reported varied results regarding this issue. Some 8. Polman CH, Reingold SC, Banwell B, Clanet M, Cohen JA, Filippi
researchers have reported lower HRQoL scores M, Fujihara K, Havrdova E, Hutchinson M, Kappos L, Lublin FD,
among older patients; [29] However, other researchers Montalban X, O’Connor P, Sandberg-Wollheim M, Thompson AJ,
Waubant E, Weinshenker B, Wolinsky JS. Diagnostic criteria for
have documented better HRQoL scores among older multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria. Ann
patients. Lower HRQoL scores among the elderly, Neurol 2011;69:292-302.
[30]
healthy coping mechanisms and better adjustment 9. Kurtzke JF. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an
expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 1983;33:1444-52.
to the disease seem to be responsible for the varied 10. Ware JE Jr, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-item short-form health
effects of age on HRQoL. [29] survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection. Med
Care 1992;30:473-83.
11. Montazeri A, Goshtasebi A, Vahdaninia M, Gandek B. The Short
Finally, the findings of the present study show that Form Health Survey (SF-36): translation and validation study of the
Iranian version. Qual Life Res 2005;14:875-82.
educational level has no impact on HRQoL. Šabanagić- 12. Mitchell AJ, Benito-León J, González JM, Rivera-Navarro J. Quality
Hajrić and Alajbegović have reported that educated of life and its assessment in multiple sclerosis: Integrating physical
[5]
patients had higher HRQoL than uneducated or less- and psychological components of well-being. Lancet Neurol
2005;4:556-66.
[31]
educated patients; however, Busche et al. have shown 13. Benedict RH, Wahlig E, Bakshi R, Fishman I, Munschauer F,
that high school and college graduates with MS had Zivadinov R, Weinstock-Guttman B. Predicting quality of life
higher scores in the physical components of the HRQoL. in multiple sclerosis: accounting for physical disability, fatigue,
Furthermore, Patti et al. have documented that cognition, mood disorder, personality, and behavior change. J
[32]
Neurol Sci 2005;231:29-34.
educational level has been an independent predictor of 14. Rudick RA, Miller D, Clough JD, Gragg LA, Farmer RG. Quality
both physical and mental domains of HRQoL. of life in multiple sclerosis. Comparison with inflammatory bowel
disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Neurol 1992;49:1237-42.
15. Olmo NRS, de Melo STL, de Brito LA, Fragoso YD. Patients
In conclusion, HRQoL in patients with MS is with multiple sclerosis present more chronic and recurrent pain
significantly lower than that of the normal population than a control population. Austin J Mult Scler Neuroimmunol
2015;2:1005.
especially with respect to the mental domain. In the 16. Fragoso, YD, Finkelsztejn A, Giacomo MCB, Russo L, Cruz WS.
future, should physicians pay closer attention to the The effect of multiple sclerosis on the professional life of a group of
Brazilian patients. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2010;68:914-17.
cognitive and other neuropsychiatric components of 17. Kes VB, Cengic L, Cesarik M, Tomas AJ, Zavoreo I, Matovina
HRQoL as well as the physical components of HRQoL LZ, Coric L, Drnasin S, Demarin V. Quality of life in patients with
in patients with MS, they could better improve the multiple sclerosis. Acta Clin Croat 2013;52:107-11.
appropriate management of this disease. 18. Fjeldstad C, Pardo G. Self-efficacy, physical activity and QOL in
people with MS. J Neurol Neurophysiol 2014;5:1-5.
19. Feinstein A. The neuropsychiatry of multiple sclerosis. Can J
Acknowledgments Psychiatry 2004;49:157-63.
The authors would like to thank Ms. Mehrnaz 20. Halper J. The psychosocial effect of multiple sclerosis: the impact of
relapses. J Neurol Sci 2007;256:S34-8.
Gholami of the Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center 21. Brassington JC, Marsh NV. Neuropsychological aspects of multiple
Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation | Volume 3 | March 14, 2016 61