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Table 1: Mean (SD) of current sample and normative data
Physical Role Bodily General Vitality Social Role General
functioning limitations pain health functioning limitations mental
because perceptions because of health
of physical emotional
health problems
problems
Current 64.27 51.75 66.22 55.71 50.45 63.66 48.66 34.27
study (33.45) (42.23) (31.04) (24.76) (23.79) (29.74) (43.27) (15.44)
Tehran 85.3 70.0 79.4 67.5 65.8 76.0 65.6 67.0
normal (20.8) (38.0) (25.1) (20.4) (17.3) (24.4) (41.4) (18.0)
sample 8
95% CI 66.45-67.54 68.84-71.15 78.63-80.1 66.88-68.11 65.27-66.32 75.25-76.74 64.34-66.85 66.45-67.54
for Tehran
normal
sample
Table 2: Mean (SD) and independent t test for marital status
Single Married t P
Full Scale 62.31 (18.90) 57.50 (24.46) 0.90 NS
Physical Component 64.13 (23.48) 59.48 (25.18) 0.81 NS
Mental Component 54.21 (17.26) 48.60 (24.74) 1.06 NS
Physical Functioning 71.47 (33.56) 64.64 (32.64) 0.90 NS
Role Limitations Because of Physical Health Problems 59.61 (44.20) 51.83 (41.50) 0.79 NS
Bodily Pain 71.44 (32.07) 64.22 (31.16) 0.99 NS
General Health Perceptions 54.01 (18.55) 57.23 (26.69) 0.56 NS
Vitality 55.38 (15.16) 49.41 (26.30) 1.08 NS
Social functioning 71.97 (23.08) 62.66 (31.02) 1.38 NS
Role Limitations Because of Emotional Problems 52.56 (37.91) 48.03 (45.48) 0.451 NS
General Mental Health 36.93 (11.78) 34.28 (16.39) 0.75 NS
NS: not significant
normal sample and reported these values in the third subscale, which may reflect gender differences or
row of Table 1. The mean for each subscale score lay differing expectations of health.
outside the 95% CI; thus, the averages of the subscales
in the current study are significantly lower than those A 2 (gender) × 3 (educational levels) factorial
of the normal group. Of note, the subscale with the MANOVA was performed to examine the effect of
[11]
lowest value in this study is the general mental health gender and educational levels on the eight subscales
subscale. of the SF-36 as dependent variables. The results from
the MANOVA analyzing the eight subscales of SF-
Table 2 summarizes the scores assessing marriage 36 were statistically significant (Wilkes’s lambda =
status. This Table shows that the scores of unmarried 0.143, F (8, 87) = 65.047, P < .001). The MANOVA output
patients were higher than those of married patients for the main effect of gender (male vs. female) indicated
for every measure except for the general health no significant effect (Wilkes’s lambda = 0.90, F (8, 87)
perception subscale; however, the difference between = 1.21). No statistically significant differences among
the overall scores for both groups was not statistically the three educational levels as the main effect were
significant. Therefore, the marital status could not observed (Wilkes’s lambda = 0.85, F (8, 87) = 0.895). The
significantly affect the SF-36 scores. MANOVA results suggest that the interaction between
gender and educational level was not statistically
The mean (SD) scores of the SF-36 and its subscales significant (Wilkes’s lambda = 0.823, F (8, 87) = 1.11).
for women and men are presented in Table 3. The total Therefore, a one-way repeated measures ANOVA with
average scores among men were higher than those a Greenhouse-Geisser correction was used to detect any
for women except for the general health perception potential significant difference between the means of
the dependent variables (the eight subscales of the SF-
Table 3: Average scores for female patients and male
patients 36), which showed that the means of the eight subscales
Females Males of the SF-36 scores were significantly different [F (4.818,
Full Scale 57.14 (22.16) 59.08 (27.87) 476.974) = 19.114, P < 0.000]. Partial Eta Squared (η
2
Physical Component 59.17 (24.05) 60.71 (27.47) p
Mental Component 48.49 (22.0) 52.35 (27.70) = 0.162) showed that almost 16% of the variance in
Physical Functioning 63.58 (33.10) 67.04 (35.57)
Role Limitations Because of 51.25 (42.26) 53.75 (43.13) the score can be accounted for by mean differences.
Physical Health Problems The results from the ANOVA with repeated measures
Bodily Pain 64.50 (31.54) 73.00 (28.70)
General Health Perceptions 57.36 (23.59) 49.07 (28.67) showed that there is an overall significant difference
Vitality 49.25 (23.35) 55.25 (25.51)
Social Functioning 63.65 (27.93) 63.68 (36.95) between the means of the subscales. A post-hoc
Role Limitations Because of 47.08 (43.63) 55.00 (42.26) Bonferroni pairwise comparison was used to detect
Emotional Problems
General Mental Health 33.97 (14.99) 35.48 (17.48) any differences [Table 4]. Table 4 shows that there are

Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation | Volume 3 | March 14, 2016 59