Page 109 - Read Online
P. 109
neuroprotective after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in mice. 89. Kemper C, Atkinson JP, Hourcade DE. Properdin: emerging roles of a
J Neurochem 2013;124:523‑35. pattern‑recognition molecule. Annu Rev Immunol 2010;28:131‑55.
73. Heydenreich N, Nolte MW, Göb E, Langhauser F, Hofmeister M, 90. Wirthmueller U, Dewald B, Thelen M, Schäfer MK, Stover C,
Kraft P, Albert‑Weissenberger C, Brede M, Varallyay C, Göbel K, Whaley K, North J, Eggleton P, Reid KB, Schwaeble WJ. Properdin,
Meuth SG, Nieswandt B, Dickneite G, Stoll G, Kleinschnitz C. a positive regulator of complement activation, is released from
C1‑inhibitor protects from brain ischemia‑reperfusion injury by secondary granules of stimulated peripheral blood neutrophils.
combined antiinflammatory and antithrombotic mechanisms. Stroke J Immunol 1997;158:4444‑51.
2012;43:2457‑67. 91. Schwaeble W, Huemer HP, Möst J, Dierich MP, Ströbel M, Claus C,
74. Kim GH, Mocco J, Hahn DK, Kellner CP, Komotar RJ, Ducruet AF, Reid KB, Ziegler‑Heitbrock HW. Expression of properdin in human
Mack WJ, Connolly ES Jr. Protective effect of C5a receptor inhibition monocytes. Eur J Biochem 1994;219:759‑64.
after murine reperfused stroke. Neurosurgery 2008;63:122‑5. 92. Schwaeble W, Dippold WG, Schäfer MK, Pohla H, Jonas D, Luttig B,
75. Parham P. Elements of the immune system and their roles in defens. Weihe E, Huemer HP, Dierich MP, Reid KB. Properdin, a positive
In: The Immune System. 3rd ed. New York: Garland Science; 2009. regulator of complement activation, is expressed in human T cell
p. 2‑27. lines and peripheral blood T cells. J Immunol 1993;151:2521‑8.
76. Sørensen R, Thiel S, Jensenius JC. Mannan‑binding‑lectin‑associated 93. Zipfel PF, Skerka C. Complement regulators and inhibitory proteins.
serine proteases, characteristics and disease associations. Springer Nat Rev Immunol 2009;9:729‑40.
Semin Immunopathol 2005;27:299‑319. 94. Blackmore TK, Hellwage J, Sadlon TA, Higgs N, Zipfel PF, Ward HM,
77. Wallis R. Interactions between mannose‑binding lectin and MASPs Gordon DL. Identification of the second heparin‑binding domain
during complement activation by the lectin pathway. Immunobiology in human complement factor H. J Immunol 1998;160:3342‑8.
2007;212:289‑99. 95. Turnberg D, Botto M. The regulation of the complement
78. Wang X, Mori T, Sumii T, Lo EH. Hemoglobin‑induced cytotoxicity system: insights from genetically‑engineered mice. Mol Immunol
in rat cerebral cortical neurons: caspase activation and oxidative 2003;40:145‑53.
stress. Stroke 2002;33:1882‑8. 96. Krych‑Goldberg M, Atkinson JP. Structure‑function relationships of
79. Katsu M, Niizuma K, Yoshioka H, Okami N, Sakata H, Chan PH. complement receptor type 1. Immunol Rev 2001;180:112‑22.
Hemoglobin‑induced oxidative stress contributes to matrix 97. Huang Y, Qiao F, Abagyan R, Hazard S, Tomlinson S. Defining the
metalloproteinase activation and blood‑brain barrier dysfunction CD59‑C9 binding interaction. J Biol Chem 2006;281:27398‑404.
in vivo. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2010;30:1939‑50. 98. Pagano MB, Zhou HF, Ennis TL, Wu X, Lambris JD, Atkinson JP,
80. Markiewski MM, Nilsson B, Ekdahl KN, Mollnes TE, Lambris JD. Thompson RW, Hourcade DE, Pham CT. Complement‑dependent
Complement and coagulation: strangers or partners in crime? Trends neutrophil recruitment is critical for the development of elastase‑induced
Immunol 2007;28:184‑92. abdominal aortic aneurysm. Circulation 2009;119:1805‑13.
81. Huber‑Lang M, Sarma JV, Zetoune FS, Rittirsch D, Neff TA, 99. Bradley DT, Badger SA, Bown MJ, Sayers RD, Hughes AE. Coding
McGuire SR, Lambris JD, Warner RL, Flierl MA, Hoesel LM, polymorphisms in the genes of the alternative complement pathway
Gebhard F, Younger JG, Drouin SM, Wetsel RA, Ward PA. and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Int J Immunogenet 2011;38:243‑8.
Generation of C5a in the absence of C3: a new complement 100. Tulamo R, Frösen J, Junnikkala S, Paetau A, Pitkäniemi J,
activation pathway. Nat Med 2006;12:682‑7. Kangasniemi M, Niemelä M, Jääskeläinen J, Jokitalo E, Karatas A,
82. Mihlan M, Blom AM, Kupreishvili K, Lauer N, Stelzner K, Hernesniemi J, Meri S. Complement activation associates with
Bergström F, Niessen HW, Zipfel PF. Monomeric C‑reactive protein saccular cerebral artery aneurysm wall degeneration and rupture.
modulates classic complement activation on necrotic cells. FASEB Neurosurgery 2006;59:1069‑76.
J 2011;25:4198‑210. 101. Tulamo R, Frösen J, Paetau A, Seitsonen S, Hernesniemi J,
83. Ji SR, Wu Y, Potempa LA, Liang YH, Zhao J. Effect of modified Niemelä M, Järvelä I, Meri S. Lack of complement inhibitors in the
C‑reactive protein on complement activation: a possible outer intracranial artery aneurysm wall associates with complement
complement regulatory role of modified or monomeric C‑reactive terminal pathway activation. Am J Pathol 2010;177:3224‑32.
protein in atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 102. Thakkinstian A, Han P, McEvoy M, Smith W, Hoh J, Magnusson K,
2006;26:935‑41. Zhang K, Attia J. Systematic review and meta‑analysis of the
84. Tulamo R, Frösen J, Junnikkala S, Paetau A, Kangasniemi M, association between complement factor H Y402H polymorphisms and
Peláez J, Hernesniemi J, Niemelä M, Meri S. Complement system age‑related macular degeneration. Hum Mol Genet 2006;15:2784‑90.
becomes activated by the classical pathway in intracranial aneurysm 103. Shi C, Awad IA, Jafari N, Lin S, Du P, Hage ZA, Shenkar R,
walls. Lab Invest 2010;90:168‑79. Getch CC, Bredel M, Batjer HH, Bendok BR. Genomics of human
85. Sim RB, Tsiftsoglou SA. Proteases of the complement system. intracranial aneurysm wall. Stroke 2009;40:1252‑61.
Biochem Soc Trans 2004;32:21‑7. 104. Aoki T, Kataoka H, Ishibashi R, Nozaki K, Hashimoto N. Gene
86. Sjöberg AP, Trouw LA, Blom AM. Complement activation and expression profile of the intima and media of experimentally induced
inhibition: a delicate balance. Trends Immunol 2009;30:83‑90. cerebral aneurysms in rats by laser‑microdissection and microarray
87. Biró A, Thielens NM, Cervenák L, Prohászka Z, Füst G, Arlaud GJ. techniques. Int J Mol Med 2008;22:595‑603.
Modified low density lipoproteins differentially bind and activate the
C1 complex of complement. Mol Immunol 2007;44:1169‑77.
88. Meuwissen M, van der Wal AC, Niessen HW, Koch KT, de Winter RJ, Cite this article as: Taylor BE, Appelboom G, Zilinyi R, Goodman A,
van der Loos CM, Rittersma SZ, Chamuleau SA, Tijssen JG, Chapel D, LoPresti M, Connolly ES. Role of the complement cascade
in cerebral aneurysm formation, growth, and rupture. Neuroimmunol
Becker AE, Piek JJ. Colocalisation of intraplaque C reactive protein, Neuroinflammation 2015;2(2):93-101.
complement, oxidised low density lipoprotein, and macrophages in Source of Support: Nil. Conflict of Interest: No.
stable and unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction. J Clin
Pathol 2006;59:196‑201. Received: 10-09-2014; Accepted: 26-09-2014
Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation | Volume 2 | Issue 2 | April 15, 2015 101