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Kalloo et al. Metab Target Organ Damage 2023;3:7 Metabolism and
DOI: 10.20517/mtod.2022.26
Target Organ Damage

Perspective Open Access

Pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes:
clinical considerations and future perspectives

2
1
Jason Kalloo , Sarkar Priscilla , Amar Puttanna 3
1
Department of Acute Medicine, Good Hope Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, United
Kingdom.
2
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham
B15 2WB, United Kingdom.
3
Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Good Hope Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham B15
2WB, United Kingdom.
Correspondence to: Dr. Amar Puttanna, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Good Hope Hospital, University Hospital
Birmingham NHS Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2WB, United Kingdom. Email: amarputtanna@doctors.org.uk
How to cite this article: Kalloo J, Priscilla S, Puttanna A. Pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes: clinical considerations
and future perspectives. Metab Target Organ Damage 2023;3:7. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/mtod.2022.26
Received: 12 Aug 2022 First Decision: 10 Jan 2023 Revised: 4 May 2023 Accepted: 17 May 2023 Published: 30 May 2023

Academic Editors: Ketan K. Dhatariya, Giovanni Targher, Christopher D. Byrne Copy Editor: Yanbing Bai Production Editor:
Yanbing Bai

Abstract
The management of type 2 diabetes continues to evolve with the historical glucocentric nature of care, paving the
way toward more holistic and comorbidity-based management largely due to the advent of newer medications and
trial data. Clinicians need to be aware that an understanding of not only the current treatment landscape but also
the future developments in care and therapy is required in order to understand the best options for the
management of their patients. This article will discuss current perspectives in the pharmacological management of
type 2 diabetes, largely focusing on recent trial developments and associated future trials and molecules that may
impact type 2 diabetes care in the near future.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetes, pharmacotherapy, cardiovascular disease, multimorbidity

INTRODUCTION
The last ten years have witnessed a shift in the care and management of people with type 2 diabetes, largely

© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as
long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and
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