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Shaikh et al. Mini-invasive Surg 2020;4:89 Mini-invasive Surgery
DOI: 10.20517/2574-1225.2020.97
Review Open Access
The endoscope and instruments for minimally
invasive neurosurgery
Salman Shaikh, Chandrashekhar Deopujari
Department of Neurosurgery, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai 400020, India.
Correspondence to: Prof. Chandrashekhar E. Deopujari, Head of Neurosurgery, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences,
Room 114, MRC building, Bombay Hospital, 12, Marine Lines, Mumbai 400020, India. E-mail: d.chandrashekhar11@gmail.com
How to cite this article: Shaikh S, Deopujari C. The endoscope and instruments for minimally invasive surgery. Mini-invasive Surg
2020;4:89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2020.97
Received: 6 Oct 2020 First Decision: 5 Nov 2020 Revised: 13 Nov 2020 Accepted: 17 Nov 2020 Published: 10 Dec 2020
Academic Editor: Oreste de Divitiis Copy Editor: Cai-Hong Wang Production Editor: Jing Yu
Abstract
The advent of neuroendoscopy catalyzed the ongoing development of minimally invasive neurosurgery in the
1990s. This millennium has seen rapid developments in the design of scopes, improved high-definition visualization
systems, and a plethora of dedicated instruments. Many minimally invasive and endoscopic procedures have
become the new “standard of care” today. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and endonasal pituitary surgeries
have replaced alternative techniques in most major institutes in the world and the indications are rapidly increasing
to tackle many midline skullbase, intraventricular, and some parenchymal lesions as well. The scope of minimally
invasive neurosurgery has extended to spine surgery, peripheral nerve surgery, and unique indications, viz.
craniosynostosis repair. This review describes many of these developments over the years, evaluates current
scenario, and tries to give a glimpse of the “not so distant” future.
Keywords: Hydrocephalus, endonasal endoscopic approach, minimally invasive neurosurgery, minimally invasive
spine surgery, neuroendoscopy, skullbase, ventricular surgery
INTRODUCTION
Minimally invasive surgery has become the “standard of care” over the last 50 years in various branches
of surgery. Although endoscopic neurosurgery for hydrocephalus took roots quite early, it took much
longer for the other procedures to develop until the introduction of dedicated scopes and appropriate
instrumentation. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy became a real alternative to shunt surgery for
© The Author(s) 2020. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
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