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Ornaghi et al. Mini-invasive Surg 2021;5:42 Mini-invasive Surgery
DOI: 10.20517/2574-1225.2021.50

Systematic Review Open Access

Surgical and functional outcomes after robot-

assisted radical cystectomy in female patients: a
systematic review of the literature

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Paola Irene Ornaghi , Alessandro Tafuri , Rossella Orlando , Andrea Panunzio , Marco Moschini , Luca
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Afferi , Chiara Lonati , Maria Angela Cerruto , Alessandro Antonelli 1
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Department of Urology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Piazzale Aristide Stefani, 1,
Verona 37126, Italy.
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Department of Urology, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Spitalstrasse, Luzern 6004, Switzerland.
Correspondence to: Prof. Alessandro Antonelli, Department of Urology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria
Integrata of Verona, Confortini Surgical Center, Piazzale Aristide Stefani, 1, Verona 37126, Italy.
E-mail: alessandro.antonelli@aovr.veneto.it
How to cite this article: Ornaghi PI, Tafuri A, Orlando R, Panunzio A, Moschini M, Afferi L, Lonati C, Cerruto MA, Antonelli A.
Surgical and functional outcomes after robot-assisted radical cystectomy in female patients: a systematic review of the
literature. Mini-invasive Surg 2021;5:42. https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2021.50
Received: 11 Apr 2020 First Decision: 21 May 2021 Revised: 14 Jun 2021 Accepted: 23 Jun 2021 First online: 2 Jul 2021
Academic Editors: Giulio Belli, Riccardo Autorino Copy Editor: Yue-Yue Zhang Production Editor: Yue-Yue Zhang

Abstract
Aim: We aimed to review and summarize recent data on surgical and functional outcomes in women undergoing
robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) and urinary diversion (UD) for bladder cancer, compared with male and
open counterparts.

Methods: A systematic review of English-language articles published in the last 15 years was performed on
PubMed/Medline database according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
statement. Outcomes of interest included peri- and post-operative surgical outcomes [operative time (OT),
estimated blood loss (EBL), hospital stay (LOS), complications, and readmission], pathological outcomes [pT
stage, lymph node (LN) yield, positive surgical margins (PSMs), and positive LN (pN+)], and functional outcomes
[daytime and nighttime continence, sexual activity, need for clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), and quality of
life (QoL) evaluation].

Results: Overall, eight studies were selected collecting data from 229 female patients undergoing RARC. The
median OT was 418 min (range 311-562 min) and the median EBL was 380 mL (range 100-1160 mL). OT and EBL
were not significantly different comparing males and females, whereas the robotic approach was found to be

© The Author(s) 2021. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
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