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Chang et al. Mini-invasive Surg 2024;8:15 Mini-invasive Surgery
DOI: 10.20517/2574-1225.2023.137

Mini-Review Open Access

Fluorescent guided surgery for sinonasal tumors

Michael Chang, Fred Baik

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
Correspondence to: Dr. Fred Baik, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, 900 Welch
Road, Stanford, CA 94304, USA. E-mail: fbaik@stanford.edu

How to cite this article: Chang M, Baik F. Fluorescent guided surgery for sinonasal tumors. Mini-invasive Surg 2024;8:15. https://
dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1225.2023.137

Received: 19 Dec 2023 First Decision: 27 May 2024 Revised: 7 Jul 2024 Accepted: 11 Jul 2024 Published: 5 Aug 2024
Academic Editor: Ehab Hanna Copy Editor: Dong-Li Li Production Editor: Dong-Li Li

Abstract
Near-infrared fluorescence is increasingly finding utility in surgery. The ease of administering contrast agents, the
ability to image in real-time, and the lack of tissue disruption are features of fluorescence imaging which have
contributed to its use in the operating room. In this review, we examine fluorescence-guided surgery in the context
of sinonasal tumors, evaluate currently available contrast agents and their targets, and discuss future applications
of fluorescence in endoscopic sinus surgery.

Keywords: Near-infrared fluorescence, surgical navigation, molecular imaging, tumor imaging, sinonasal cancer

INTRODUCTION
Sinonasal cancers pose a formidable challenge for resection due to the narrow endonasal corridor, intricate
adjacent anatomy, proximity to critical structures, and need to reconstruct the skull base following the
procedure. The endonasal corridor also presents unique opportunities for utilization of fluorescent-guided
techniques given the enclosed space, relatively uniform lighting conditions, and consistent utilization of
endoscopic imaging which can enable overlays of different visual inputs. Recent technological
advancements in surgical visualization have the potential to inform several aspects of surgical treatment for
sinonasal tumors.

© The Author(s) 2024. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, for any purpose, even commercially, as
long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and
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