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Sakane Anatomical relationship between Kambin’s triangle and ENR

preoperative neurological examination combined with 11. Hardenbrook M, Lombardo S, Wilson MC, Telfeian A. The anatomical
MRI helps to characterize three-dimensional anatomy rationale for transforaminal endoscopic interbody fusion: a cadaveric
analysis. Neurosurg Focus 2016;40:E12.
of the Kambin’s safety zone and to choose between 12. Ozer AF, Suzer T, Falsafi M, Aydin M, Sasani M, Oktennoglu T.
transforaminal and interlaminar techniques. Anatomic assessment of variations in Kambin’striangle: a surgical and
cadaveric study. World Neurosurg 2017;100:498-503.
During transforaminal endoscopic surgery, precise 13. Arslan M, Comert A, Acar HI, Ozdemir M, Elhan A, Tekdemir I,
needle placement and the use of additional techniques, Tubbs RS, Ugur HC. Nerve root to lumbar disc relationships at the
such as foraminoplasty using a high-speed bur, to intervertebral foramen from a surgical viewpoint: an anatomical study.
Clin Anat 2012;25:218-23.
widen the bottom line of Kambin’s triangle would help 14. Ahn Y, Lee SH, Park WH, Lee HY, Shin SW, Kang HY. Percutaneous
in safely approaching intervertebral discs with short endoscopic lumbar discectomy for recurrent disc herniation: surgical
prolongation of operative time. technique, outcome, and prognostic factors of 443 consecutive cases.
Spine 2004;15:E326-32.
DECLARATIONS 15. Ahn Y, Lee SH, Lee JH, Kim JU, Liu WC. Transforaminal percutaneous
endoscopic lumbar siscectomy for upper lumbar disc herniation:
clinical outcome, prognostic factors, and technical consideration. Acta
Authors’ contributions Neurochir (Wien) 2009;151:199-206.
M. Sakane contributed solely to the paper. 16. Abe T, Sakane M, Funayama T, Mataki Y, Takeuchi Y, Hyodo K,
Koyama S, Hioki S, Yamazaki M. Clinical result of PELD via
Financial support and sponsorship transforaminal approach under general anesthesia. J Spine Res
2013;4:1264-9. (in Japanese)
None. 17. Manchikanti L, Cash KA, Pampati V, Damron KS, McManus CD.
Evaluation of lumbar transforaminal epidural injections with needle
Conflicts of interest placement and contrast flow pattern: a prospective descriptive report.
There are no conflicts of interest. Pain Physician 2004;7:217-23.
18. Choi I, Ahn JO, So WS, Lee SJ, Choi IJ, Kim H. Exiting root injury
Patient consent in transforaminal endoscopic discectomy: preoperative image
consideration for safety. Eur Spine J 2003;22:2481-7.
Not applicable. 19. Wu W, Liang J, Chen Y, Chen A, Wu Y, Yang Z. Microstructural
changes are coincident with the improvement of clinical symptoms in
Ethics approval surgically treated compressed nerve roots. Sci Rep 2017;7:44678.
Not applicable. 20. Eguchi Y, Oikawa Y, Suzuki M, Orita S, Yamauchi K, Suzuki M, Aoki
Y, Watanabe A, Takahashi K, Ohtori S. Diffusion tensor imaging of
radiculopathy in patients with lumbar disc herniation: preliminary
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