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Kitahama et al. PLPED with EMG monitoring under general anesthesia

monitoring under general anesthesia is a safe and for down-migrated intracanal disc herniations. Medicine (Baltimore)
efficacious procedure for the treatment of LDH. The 2016;95:e2899.
strict free-running EMG monitoring under general 10. Sairyo K, Higashino K, Yamashita K, Hayashi F, Wada K, Sakai T,
anesthesia makes both patients and surgeons Takata Y, Tezuka F, Morimoto M, Terai T, Chikawa T, Yonezu H,
Nagamachi A, Fukui Y. A new concept of transforaminal ventral
comfortable and contributes to an improvement facetectomy including simultaneous decompression of foraminal and
inoperative skill. lateral recess stenosis: technical considerations in a fresh cadaver
model and a literature review. J Med Invest 2017;64:1-6.
DECLARATIONS 11. Schubert M, Hoogland T. Endoscopic transforaminal nucleotomy with
foraminoplasty for lumbar disk herniation. Oper Orthop Traumatol
Authors’ contributions 2005;17:641-61. (in English, German)
Operated this series: Y. Kitahama 12. Macnab I. Negative disc exploration. An analysis of the causes of
Suggested the idea of PED under general anesthesia: nerve-root involvement in sixty-eight patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am
1971;53:891-903.
G. Matsui 13. Yokosuka J, Oshima Y, Kaneko T, Takano Y, Inanam H, Koga
Supported set-up of EMG monitoring: M. Minami, T. H. Advantages and disadvantages of posterolateral approach
Kawaoka for percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy. J Spine Surg
Managed the general anesthesia of PED with EMG: K. 2016;2:158-66.
Otome, M. Nakamura 14. Choi KC, Park CK. Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for
L5-S1 disc herniation: consideration of the relation between the iliac
Financial support and sponsorship crest and L5-S1 disc. Pain Physician 2016;19:E301-8.
None. 15. Li Z, Hou S, Shang W, Cao Z, Zhao H. Percutaneous lumbar
foraminoplasty and percutaneous endoscopic lumbar decompression
Conflicts of interest for lateral recess stenosis through transforaminal approach: technique
notes and 2 years follow-up. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2016;143:90-4.
There are no conflicts of interest. 16. Choi G, Lee SH, Lokhande P, Kong BJ, Shim CS, Jung B, Kim JS.
Percutaneous endoscopic approach for highly migrated intracanal disc
Patient consent herniations by foraminoplastic technique using rigid working channel
All involved patients gave their consent forms. endoscope. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008;33:E508-15.
17. Li ZZ, Hou SX, Shang WL, Song KR, Zhao HL. Modified
Ethics approval percutaneous lumbar foraminoplasty and percutaneous endoscopic
This study was approved by the ethics committee of lumbar discectomy: instrument design, technique notes, and 5 years
follow-up. Pain Physician 2017;20:E85-98.
the Omaezaki Municipal Hospital. 18. Choi KC, Lee DC, Shim HK, Shin SH, Park CK. A strategy of
percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy for migrated disc
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