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Guerra et al. J Transl Genet Genom 2022;6:304-21 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/jtgg.2022.08 Page 314

Table 4. Pharmacogenetics of drugs in associated symptoms and neurogenic dysphagia

Drug Properties Pharmacogenetics
Name: Omeprazole Mechanistic genes: ATP4A, AHR, ADH1C, ALDH3A1,
IUPAC name: 1H-Benzimidazole, 5-methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl] AHR, ATP4A, ATP4B, CASR, CBR1, CFTR, CHRM3,
Molecular Formula: C H N O S FMO1, HRH2, MMP2, NR1I2, NR1I3, RRAS2, SNAP25,
17 19 3 3
Molecular weight: 345.42 g/mol SSTR2
Mechanism: Concentrates in acid conditions of parietal cell secretory canaliculi. Forms active sulfenamide metabolite which Metabolic genes:
irreversibly binds to and inactivates hydrogen-potassium ATPase (proton or acid pump), blocking final step in secretion of Substrate: CYP1A1, CYP2C8 (minor), CYP2C9
hydrochloric acid. Acid secretion is inhibited until additional hydrogen-potassium ATPase is synthesized, resulting in (minor), CYP2C18 (minor), CYP3A4 (major),
prolonged duration of action. Suppresses H. pylori in duodenal ulcer and/or reflux esophagitis infected with organism. CYP2C19 (major), CYP2A6 (minor), CYP2D6 (minor)
Effect: Antiulcer agents and acid suppressants, proton-pump inhibitors, substituted benzimidazole Inhibitor: CYP1A2 (moderate), CYP2C9 (moderate),
CYP2D6 (moderate), CYP3A4 (moderate), CYP2C19
(strong)
Inducer: CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP3A4, CYP2B6
Transporter genes ABCG2 (inhibitor), ABCC3
(inducer), ABCB1, ABCC6 (substrate/inhibitor),
ABCC6, UGT1A1

Name: Pantoprazole Mechanistic genes: ATP4A, DDAH1, ABCC2, CASR,
IUPAC name: (1) 1H-Benzimidazole, 5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-[[(3,4-dimethoxy-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl] CHRM3, HRH2, IL1B, PPAs, SNAP25, SSTR2
Molecular Formula: C H F N O S. Molecular weight: 383.37 g/mol Metabolic genes:
16 15 2 3 4
Action: Suppresses gastric acid secretion by inhibiting parietal cell H+/K+ ATP pump Substrate: CYP3A4 (major), CYP2C19, CYP2C19
Effect: Antiulcer agents and acid suppressants, proton-pump inhibitors, substituted benzimidazole (major), CYP2D6 (minor), SULTs, UGTs
Inhibitor: CYP2C19 (strong),CYP1A2 (weak), CYP2C9
(moderate), CYP2D6 (weak), CYP3A4 (moderate)
Inducer: CYP1A2, CYP3A4
Transporter genes: ABCB1 (substrate/inhibitor),
ABCG2 (substrate/Inhibitor), SLC22A8 (inhibitor)

Name: Lansoprazole Mechanistic genes: ATP4A; CASR, MAPT, CYP1A1,
IUPAC name: 1H-Benzimidazole, 2-[[[3-methyl-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-2-pyridinyl]methyl]sulfinyl]- CYP1B1, HRH2, SNAP25, SSTR2
Molecular Formula: C H F N O S Metabolic genes:
16 14 3 3 2
Molecular Weight: 369.36 g/mol Substrate: CYP2C8 (major), CYP2C9 (major),
Mechanism: Decreases acid secretion in gastric parietal cells through inhibition of (H +, K +)-ATPase enzyme system, blocking CYP2C18 (major), CYP2C19 (major), CYP3A4/5
final step in gastric acid production (major); POR
Effect: Antiulcer agents and acid suppressants, proton-pump inhibitors, substituted benzimidazole Inhibitor: CYP2C9, (moderate), CYP2C19 (strong),
CYP3A4 CYP2D6 (moderate), CYP2E1 (moderate),
CYP3A4 (moderate), PPA1
Inducer: CYP1A2, CYP1A1, CYP1B1, CYP2C9, CYP3A4
Transporter genes: ABCG2 (inhibitor), ABCB1
(substrate/inhibitor), SLC22A8 (inhibitor), SLC22A1,
SLC22A2, SLC22A3
Name: Rabeprazole Mechanistic genes: ATP4A, DDAH1, ATP4B, CASR,
IUPAC name: 1H-Benzimidazole, 2-[[[4-(3-methoxypropoxy)-3-methyl-2-pyridinyl]methyl]sulfinyl] CHRM3, HRH2, HTR1D, NR1I2, SNAP25, SSTR2
Molecular Formula: C H N NaO S Metabolic genes:
18 20 3 3
Molecular weight: 381.42 g/mol Substrate: CYP3A4 (major), CYP2C19 (major),
Action: Suppresses gastric acid secretion by inhibiting parietal cell H+/K+ ATP pump CYP2D6 (major)
Effect: Antiulcer agents and acid suppressants, proton-pump inhibitors, substituted benzimidazole Inhibitor: CYP2C9 (moderate), CYP2C8 (moderate),
CYP2C19 (strong), CYP2D6 (moderate)