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Guerra et al. J Transl Genet Genom 2022;6:304-21 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/jtgg.2022.08 Page 312
Drug Properties Pharmacogenetics
Name: Capsaicin Pathogenic genes: DBH, MPO, BCHE, TACR2
IUPAC name: 6-Nonenamide, (E)-N-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl) Mechanistic genes: TRPV1, PHB2, ABCB1, ACOX1, ACSL3,
methyl]-8-methyl. ALOX5, CFTR, F2, FOS, HTR1D, NOS3, NPC1, PPARA, TAC1,
Molecular Formula: C H NO . TGFB1, UCP2
18 27 3
Molecular Weight: 305.41 g/mol Metabolic genes:
Mechanism: Induces release of substance P (main chemomediator of pain impulses from the periphery) Substrate: GLU, CYP2E1 (minor), UGT1A1, UGT1A7, UGT1A9,
from peripheral sensory neurons, depletes the neuron of substance UGT1A10, GSTP1
P (after repeated stimulation), and prevents reaccumulation. Inhibitor: CYP3A4 (strong), CYP2C9, CYP2D6 (weak), PTGS2,
Effect: Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents, local anesthetics, topical MPO, CYP1A2 (strong), CYP1A2 (strong), CYP19A2 (strong),
CYP2E1, DBH, BCHE
Inductor: CYP1A1, CYP1A2
Transporter genes: ABCB1
Pleiotropic genes: TNF
Name: Piperine Mechanistic genes: TRPV1, TRPA1, NR1I2, FOS
IUAC name: (2E,4E)-5-(2H-1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)penta-2,4-dien-1-one. Metabolic genes:
Molecular Formula: C H NO Substrate: CYP1A1
3
17
19
Molecular Weight: 285.34 g/mol Inhibitor: CYP3A4, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 (weak)
Mechanism: An alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum that has a role as an NF-kappaB inhibitor, a plant Transporter genes: ABCB1 (inhibitor)
metabolite, a food component, and a human blood serum metabolite. It is a member of benzodioxoles, an N- Pleiotropic genes: TNF, IL1B, IL6
acylpiperidine, a piperidine alkaloid, and a tertiary carboxamide.
Effect: Skin and mucous membrane agents, local anesthetics, topical
Name: Menthol Mechanistic genes: TRPM8, TOP1, FOS
IUPAC name: (1R,2S,5R)-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol Metabolic genes:
Molecular Formula: C H O Substrate: CYP2A6
10 20
Molecular Weight: 156.26 g/mol
Mechanism: A local anesthetic with counterirritant qualities, widely used to relieve minor throat irritation. Menthol also
acts as a weak κ-opioid receptor agonist.
Effect: Skin and mucous membrane agents, local anesthetics, topical
Name: Imidapril Mechanistic genes: ACE, AGT, AGTR1, BDKRB2, CES1, CES2,
IUPAC name: (4S)-3-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino]propanoyl]-1-methyl-2- NOS3
oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid;hydrochloride
Molecular Formula: C H N O
2
6
27
3
Molecular weight: 405,44 g/mol
Mechanism: Prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor.
Effect: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Name: Lisinopril Mechanistic genes: ACE, ACE2, REN, AGT; BDKRB2, MMP3,
IUPAC name: L-Proline, 1-[N 2-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)-L- NOS3, NPPA
lysyl]-, dihydrate, (S) Metabolic genes:
Molecular Formula: C H N O H O Substate: CYP3A4/5 (major)
21 31 3 52 2
Molecular Weight: 441.52 g/mol
Mechanism: Competitive inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Prevents conversion of angiotensin I to
angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor.
Effect: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
