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Page 311 Guerra et al. J Transl Genet Genom 2022;6:304-21 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/jtgg.2022.08

Transporter genes: ABCB1 (substrate/inhibitor), KCNH2, SLC6A2, SLC6A4,
SLCO3A1
Pleiotropic genes: APOA5, APOC3, GNB3, LEP, LEPR, LPL
Name: Quetiapine Pathogenic genes: ADRA2A, DRD1, DRD2, DRD4, HTR1A, HTR2A, RGS4
3 8
IUPAC Name: 2-[2-(4-{2-thia-9-azatricyclo[9.4.0.0 , ]pentadeca-1(15),3,5,7,9,11,13-heptaen-10-yl}piperazin- Mechanistic genes: ADRA1s, ADRA2A, ADRA2B, ADRA2C, BDNF, CHRM1,
1-yl)ethoxy]ethan-1-ol CHRM2, CHRM3, CHRM4, CHRM5, DRD1, DRD2, DRD4, HRH1, HTR1A, HTR1B,
Molecular Formula: C H N O S HTR1D, HTR1E, HTR2A, HTR2B, HTR2C, HTR6, HTR7
46 54 6 8 2
Molecular Weight: 883.08636 g/mol Metabolic genes: Substrate: CYP2D6 (minor), CYP3A4/5 (major),
Mechanism: Antagonist at multiple neurotransmitter receptors: serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2, dopamine D1 CYP3A7,CYP2C19
and D2, histamine H1, and adrenergic α1- and α2-receptors. Transporter genes: ABCB1 (substrate/inhibitor), KCNE1, KCNE2, KCNH2,
Effect: Antipsychotic agent, Adrenergic antagonist, histamine antagonist, serotonergic antagonist, KCNQ1, SCN5A, SLC6A2 (inhibitor)
dopaminergic antagonist, sedative activity, orthostatic hypotension

Name: Risperdone Pathogenic genes: ADRA2A, BDNF, COMT, DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, GRM3,
IUPAC Name: 3-{2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}-2-methyl-4H,6H,7H,8H,9H- HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR7, PON1, RGS4
pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one Mechanistic genes: ADRA1A, ADRA1B, ADRA2B, ADRA2C, DRD1, DRD2, DRD3,
Molecular Formula: C H FN O DRD4, FOS, HRH1, HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR3A, HTR3C, HTR6, HTR7, NR1I2,
23 27 4 2
Molecular Weight: 410.484483 g/mol STAT3
Mechanism: Antagonist at multiple neurotransmitter receptors: serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2, dopamine D1 Metabolic genes:
and D2, histamine H1, and adrenergic α1- and α2-receptors. Substrate: COMT, CYP2D6 (major), CYP3A4/5 (minor)
Effect: Antipsychotic agent, H1-receptor antagonist, dopaminergic antagonist, alpha-adrenergic antagonist, Inhibitor: CYP2D6 (weak), CYP3A4 (weak)
serotonergic antagonist, somnolence, orthostatic hypotension Inducer: MAOB
Transporter genes: ABCB1 (substrate/inhibitor), KCNH2, SLC6A4
Pleiotropic genes: APOA5, BDNF, RGS2
Name: Chlorpromazine Pathogenic genes: BDNF, DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, HTR2A
IUPAC Name: [3-(2-chloro-10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl]dimethylamine Mechanistic genes: ADRA1A, ADRA1B, CHRM1, CHRM2, CHRM3, DRD1,
Molecular Formula: C H ClN S DRD2, DRD3, DRD4, DRD5, HRH1, HRH4, HTR1A, HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR6,
17 19 2
Molecular Weight: 318.86416 g/mol HTR7, KCNH2, SMPD1, CALM1
Mechanism: Blocks postsynaptic mesolimbic dopaminergic receptors in the brain. Has actions at all levels of Metabolic genes: Substrate: CYP1A2(minor), CYP2A6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19,
CNS, particularly at subcortical levels; also acts on multiple organ systems. It also exhibits weak ganglionic CYP2D6(major), CYP3A (minor), FMO1, UGT1A3, UGT1A4
blocking, has a strong α-drenergic blocking effect, and depresses the release of hypothalamic and hypophyseal Inhibitor:CYP1A2, CYP2D6(strong), CYP2C19, CYP2E1 (weak), CYP3A4,
hormones. Depresses the reticular activating system DAO, BCHE
Effect: Antipsychotic agent, dopaminergic antagonist, antiemetic, anticholinergic effects, sedative effects, Inductor: CYP3A4
antihistaminic effects, anti-serotonergic activity, hypotension Transporter genes: ABCB1 (substrate/inhibitor), ABCB11 (inhibitor), CFTR
Pleiotropic genes: ACACA, BDNF, FABP1, LEP, NPY
Name: Metoclopramide Pathogenic genes: DRD2
IUPAC name: 27. Benzamide, 4-amino- Mechanistic genes: DRD2, CHRM1, HTR4, HTR3A
5-chloro-N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-2-methoxy-, monohydrochloride, monohydrate, Metabolic genes:
Molecular formula: C H ClN O HCl H Substrate: CYP2D6 (minor), CYP3A4, CYP1A2 (minor)
14 22 3 2
Molecular Weight: : 354.2 g/mol Inhibitor: CYP2D6 (strong)
Mechanism: Blocks dopamine receptors and (when given in higher doses) also blocks serotonin receptors in Transporter genes: ABCB1
chemoreceptor trigger zone of CNS. Enhances response to acetylcholine of tissue in upper GI tract causing Pleiotropic genes: ACHE
enhanced motility and accelerated gastric emptying without stimulating gastric, biliary, or pancreatic
secretions. Increases lower esophageal sphincter tone
Effect: Prokinetic agents, antiemetic

Table 3. Pharmacogenetics of other drugs in the treatment of neurogenic dysphagia