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Wang et al. J Transl Genet Genom 2023;7:126-40 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/jtgg.2023.07 Page 138

In conclusions, Transcriptomic and functional analysis with transgenic human chorionic trophoblast cell
modeling, and verification by human fetal membranes determined that lncADAM9 is an epigenetic
regulator that is up-regulated in placentas of sPTL and pPROM. The up-regulated lncADAM9 may decrease
the gene transcription of mRNA-ADAM9 and have a pathogenic impact on the ECM-A pathway in sPTB.
The differentially expressed ECM-A molecules between sPTL and pPROM may have the potential to be
applied as a novel biomarker to distinguish sPTL from pPROM at an early stage of pregnancy.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Conceptualized and conceived the research project; consolidated research funds: Zhong N, Wang G
Designed, oversaw, and supervised the detailed studies: Zhong N
Conducted the studies: Wang X, Chu C, Dong X
Performed specimen collection: Wang G, Wang X, Liu A, Hou D, Zhang J, Jia Y, Yang X, Ji Y, Wang T
Analyzed the research data: Wang G, Wang X, Hou D, Dong X, Ju W, Bonney EA, Zhong N
Drafted the manuscript: Hou D, Dong X, Ju W, Bonney EA, Zhong N
Finalized the manuscript and submitted the manuscript on behalf of all authors: Zhong N
All authors reviewed and approved the manuscript.

Availability of data and materials
All materials and data were previously coded and are anonymous to the authors of this study. The
transcriptomic data have been deposited in Gene Expression Omnibus with an accession number GSE
50879.

Financial support and sponsorship
This study is supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia (No. 2016MS0832),
the New York State Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene (914-3280, 914-3257), and the National
Institutes of Health (R01 HD094381).

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
The study design was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Inner Mongolia Maternal and
Child Health Care Hospital. Written informed consent was obtained from the pregnant women who
participated in this study.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2023.

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