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Li et al. J Mater Inf 2024;4:27 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/jmi.2024.44 Page 17 of 20

While this study has developed two new RAFM steels with high V and excellent tensile properties, further
MX
investigations into long-term creep, irradiation, and corrosion resistance are required to fully assess their
applicability under fusion conditions. Future research should focus on refining the integrated design model
to accommodate complex service environments. Beyond developing high-performance RAFM steels, this
model shows potential for application in the design of other advanced materials.

DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Conceptualization, methodology, software, data curation, visualization, writing-original draft preparation:
Li X
Writing-review and editing, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition: Zheng M
Investigation, discussion: Pan H, Mao C
Writing-review and editing, funding acquisition: Ding W

Availability of data and materials
The data and algorithms used in the current study will be available from the corresponding author based on
reasonable request.

Financial support and sponsorship
This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences
(Grant No. XDA0410404), HFIPS Director’s Fund (Grant No. YZJJ2024QN45), Enterprise Innovation Joint
Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U22B2064), International Partnership
Program for Grand Challenges of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 145GJHZ2022055GC),
Collaborative Innovation Program of Hefei Science Center, CAS (Grant No. 2022HSC-CIP028), National
Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52204402), and Natural Science Foundation of Hebei
Province (Grant No. E2022203066). The authors would also like to thank the Institutional Center for Shared
Technologies and Facilities of INEST, HFIPS, CAS for material characterization and testing.

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2024.

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