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Page 16 of 18 Chong et al. J Mater Inf 2023;3:21 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/jmi.2023.17

CONCLUSIONS
The present work investigates the forming mechanism of oxides in the Pt-based alloys Pt Al M (M = Cr,
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Hf, Pt, and Ta) in terms of thermodynamic calculations with experimental verifications. The presently
predicted Ellingham diagrams indicate the metals Hf and Al are easy to oxidize, followed by the metals Ta
and Cr, while Pt is extremely difficult to oxidize in terms of thermodynamics. Oxidation experiments are
characterized by XRD and EPMA, verifying the present thermodynamic predictions and showing that the
best alloy with superior oxidation resistance is Pt Al Cr followed by Pt Al by forming the dense and
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continuous α-Al O scale on the surface of alloys after oxidation; while the worse alloy is Pt Al Hf followed
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by Pt Al Ta due to drastic internal oxidation and the formation of deleterious oxides of HfO , AlTaO , and
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Ta O .
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DECLARATIONS
Authors’ contributions
Investigation, Writing - original draft: Chong X
Writing - review & editing: Yu W
Methodology, Visualization, Writing - review and editing: Liang Y
Supervision, Data curation, Methodology, Writing - review and editing: Shang SL
Data curation, Methodology: Li C
Validation, Funding acquisition: Zhang A, Wei Y
Discussion, Funding acquisition: Gao X
Supervision, Methodology: Wang Y
Validation, Supervision: Feng J, Song H
Validation, Funding acquisition: Chen L
Conceptualization, Supervision: Liu ZK
Availability of data and materials
The supplementary materials are available including the TDB file for Ellingham Diagrams calculations.
Financial support and sponsorship
The authors would like to thank the financial support from the Rare and Precious Metals Material Genetic
Engineering Project of Yunnan Province [202102AB080019-1, 202302AB080021]; Key R&D Program of
Yunnan Province [202203ZA080001]; Open Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory Co., Ltd
[YPML-2023050281]; Major R&D Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory Co., Ltd [YPML-
2023050205] and Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects [202101AW070011, 202101BE070001-015].

Conflicts of interest
All authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.

Consent for publication
Not applicable.

Copyright
© The Author(s) 2023.

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