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Page 4 of 13 Jiang et al. Hepatoma Res 2020;6:52 I http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2394-5079.2020.47

Table 1. Population-based sex-specific overall 5-year relative survival rates of primary liver cancer in selected countries
5-year RSR (%)
Region Year
Male Female
Korea [6-11] 1993-1995 9.9 13.6
1996-2000 12.9 14.2
2001-2005 20.1 20.3
2007-2011 28.5 28.7
2005-2009 25.1 25.1
2008-2012 30.4 29.3
2010-2014 33.1 31.9
2012-2016 35.2 32.7
2006-2010 26.6 26.7
Japan [12] 1993-1996 21.0 21.8
1997-1999 23.7 21.8
USA [14,15] 1983-1985 2.7 6.2
1986-1988 3.5 8.5
1989-1991 3.4 7.0
1992-1994 4.7 5.3
1996-1998 8.3 9.1
1999-2001 10.9 12.1
2002-2004 14.9 14.7
2005-2009 17.7 17.3
2010-2016 20.8 20.9
Europe [14,16,17] 1983-1985 2.8 5.3
1986-1988 3.7 5.2
1989-1991 5.3 6.0
1990-1994 7.0 7.0
1992-1994 7.2 7.0
1995-1999 8.9 8.4
Scotland [18] 1985-1989 0.4 0.5
1990-1994 2.2 5.4
1995-1999 5.5 7.1
2000-2004 8.7 8.7
2005-2007 4.4 10.6
France Total [19] 1989-1997 7.0 9.0
Côte-d’Or, Burgundy [20] 1976-1985 1.1 2.0
1986-1995 4.6 2.6
1996-2005 10.3 10.3
Spain [21] 2000-2007 13.8 10.6
Switzerland [22] Vaud 1974-1978 - 22.0
1984-1988 3.0 -
1989-1993 8.0 7.0
-: No report or non-available in the original articles; RSR: relative survival rate

gradually increased in all regions with time. Korea’s growth was the most obvious, rising from 10.7% in the
early 1990s to 34.6% during 2012-2016 [6-11] .

Time changes in survival rates for liver cancer were also reviewed in our study. Figure 3 shows the age-
[36]
standardized 5-year RSRs of PLC in specific regions in Europe at a specific calendar period. It was
confirmed again in Figure 3 that the RSRs of PLC have been increasing over time. During three identical
periods, we found that the rates were almost higher in Southern Europe (12.0% during 1999-2001, 14.0%
during 2002-2004, 17.0% during 2005-2007), but consistently poorest in Eastern Europe (6.0% during 1999-
2001 and 2002-2004, 7.0% in 2005-2007).

Figure 4 shows a comparison of age-specific relative survival rates of PLC. Because some reports did not
provide age-specific survival data, and some reports adopted different age groups, Figure 4 demonstrated