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Rewisha et al. Hepatoma Res 2017;3:178-81 Hepatoma Research
DOI: 10.20517/2394-5079.2017.18
www.hrjournal.net
Case Report Open Access

Hepatocellular carcinoma following direct

anti-viral for hepatitis C treatment: a report

of an Egyptian case series

Eman A. Rewisha , Maha M. Elsabaawy , Omar Elshaarawy , Ayat Abdallah , Dalia M. Elsabaawy ,
2
3
1
1
1
Omkolsoum M. Alhaddad 1
1 Department of Hepatology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom 32511, Egypt.
2 Department of Community Medicine, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom 32511, Egypt.
3 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Domiat 45633, Egypt.
Correspondence to: Dr. Maha M. Elsabaawy, Department of Hepatology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom 32511, Egypt.
E-mail: maha.ahmed@liver.menofia.edu.eg
How to cite this article: Rewisha EA, Elsabaawy MM, Elshaarawy O, Abdallah A, Elsabaawy DM, Alhaddad OM. Hepatocellular carcinoma
following direct anti-viral for hepatitis C treatment: a report of an Egyptian case series. Hepatoma Res 2017;3:178-81.
ABSTRACT

Article history: Egypt had been vexed by the highest load of chronic hepatitis C in the world. It represents
Received: 05-05-2017 a vast market of the new direct-acting anti-viral drugs (DAAs); effectively treating chronic
Accepted: 20-07-2017 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Eradication of HCV in Egypt has been challenged by the
observed increased diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in relation to DAAs therapy.
Published: 11-08-2017
This is the first Egyptian report annotating to a series of sixteen chronic HCV infected cases
Key words: without a diagnosis of HCC before DAAs therapy and unexpected development of HCC
Chronic hepatitis C, during or after completion of DAAs therapy.
direct-acting anti-viral drugs,
hepatocellular carcinoma,
Egypt

INTRODUCTION one is from Barcelona reported that HCC recurrence in
27.6% of the studied patients after a median follow-up
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most of 5.7 months. Notably, they achieved viral eradication
dreadful sequels of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related and had no pretreatment evidence of residual HCC.
[3]
cirrhosis. New direct-acting antivirals (DAA) had In the Italian cohort that included 59 patients with
[1]
successfully created a new era of HCV elimination. earlier HCC and 295 patients negative for HCC, the
[2]
However, their role in moderating the incidence of HCC recurred at a rate of 28.8%, while de novo HCC
HCC in those patients is still questionable. Beyond showed a lower rate (3.16%). The French report that
[4]
the several observations of the proximity between included 3 studies and 6,000 patients who received
DAAs therapy, and emerging HCC, many systematic interferon (IFN)-free regimens had refuted the Spanish
reports have been sequentially reported. [3-5] The first and Italian data. The researchers found no increased

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