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Hann et al.                                                                                                                                                                                Urine markers for HCC monitoring

           can overcome the inherent limitations of imaging      Gastroenterol 2014;20:4160-6.
           technology, and to provide a highly sensitive tool for   9.   Minami Y, Kudo M. Imaging Modalities for assessment of treatment
           monitoring HCC recurrence.                            response to nonsurgical hepatocellular carcinoma therapy: contrast-
                                                                 enhanced US, CT, and MRI. Liver Cancer 2015;4:106-14.
           Authors’ contributions                             10.  Piao CY, Fujioka S,  Iwasaki  Y, Fujio K, Kaneyoshi  T,  Araki  Y,
                                                                 Hashimoto K, Senoh T, Terada R, Nishida T, Kobashi H, Sakaguchi
           Concept/design: H.W. Hann, S. Jain, W. Song, Y.H. Su  K, Shiratori Y. Lamivudine treatment in patients with HBV-related
           Clinical sample preparation: H.W. Hann, G. Park       hepatocellular  carcinoma -- using an untreated, matched  control
           Experimental analysis: S. Jain, Y.H. Su               cohort. Acta Med Okayama 2005;59:217-24.
           Manuscript preparation: H.W. Hann, S. Jain, W. Song,   11.  Poon RT, Fan ST, Ng IO, Lo CM, Liu CL, Wong J. Different risk
           J. Steffen, Y.H. Su                                   factors and prognosis for early and late intrahepatic recurrence after
           Manuscript review: H.W.  Hann, S.  Jain, W.  Song, J.   resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 2000;89:500-7.
           Steffen, Y.H. Su                                   12.  Hann HW, Coben R, Brown D, Needleman L, Rosato E, Min A, Hann
                                                                 RS, Park KB, Dunn S, DiMarino AJ. A long-term study of the effects
                                                                 of antiviral  therapy  on survival  of patients  with HBV-associated
           Financial support and sponsorship                     hepatocellular  carcinoma  (HCC) following  local  tumor  ablation.
           This work has been supported by the National Institute   Cancer Med 2014;3:390-6.
           of Health R44 CA165312, RO1 CA202769, and R43      13.  Kim BK, Park JY, Kim DY, Kim JK, Kim KS, Choi JS, Moon BS,
           CA192507.                                             Han KH, Chon CY, Moon YM, Ahn SH. Persistent hepatitis B viral
                                                                 replication  affects recurrence  of hepatocellular  carcinoma  after
           Conflicts of interest                                 curative resection. Liver Int 2008;28:393-401.
           W. Song is an employee  and shareholder  of JBS    14.  Hann HW, Bergin D, Coben R, DiMarino AJ. Prevention  of new
                                                                 hepatocellular  carcinoma  with concomitant  antiviral  therapy in
           Science, Inc.; S. Jain and J. Steffen are employees of   chronic hepatitis B patients whose initial tumor was  successfully
           JBS Science, Inc; all other authors declare they have   ablated. Int J Cancer 2011;128:739-42.
           no other competing interests that exist.           15.  Chan AC, Chok KS, Yuen WK, Chan SC, Poon RT, Lo CM, Fan ST.
                                                                 Impact of antiviral  therapy on the survival of patients after major
           Patient consent                                       hepatectomy for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma.
           In this prospective study, each patient was informed of   Arch Surg 2011;146:675-81.
           this study and gave their consent.                 16.  Wu CY, Chen  YJ,  Ho HJ,  Hsu  YC, Kuo KN,  Wu MS,  Lin JT.
                                                                 Association  between nucleoside  analogues  and risk of hepatitis  B
           Ethics approval                                       virus-related  hepatocellular  carcinoma  recurrence  following  liver
                                                                 resection. JAMA 2012;308:1906-14.
           This study was conducted  under  the approval  of   17.  Kuzuya  T, Katano  Y, Kumada  T,  Toyoda H, Nakano I, Hirooka
           the Institutional Review Board at  Thomas Jefferson   Y,  Itoh A,  Ishigami  M,  Hayashi  K,  Honda T,  Goto  H.  Efficacy  of
           University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA.                antiviral therapy with lamivudine after initial treatment for hepatitis
                                                                 B virus-related hepatocellular  carcinoma.  J Gastroenterol Hepatol
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