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Figure 2. Schematic representation of the DPP central unit, flanked by structural moieties tailored for n-type (left) and p-type (right)
thermoelectric materials. DPP: Diketopyrrolopyrrole.

Figure 3. Schematic illustration of fundamental thermoelectric effects: (A) Seebeck effect, where a thermal gradient induces an electric
potential, and (B) Peltier effect, showing heat exchange at junctions upon current flow.

of organic thermoelectric (OTE) materials is generally assessed based on the PF given by

PF = S σ (2)
2

Therefore, ZT is frequently substituted with PF for assessing the TE performance of organic polymer
materials and their corresponding composites, owing to their low thermal conductivity.

STATUS OF THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS