Page 96 - Read Online

Rehman et al. Energy Mater 2024;4:400068 https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2024.06 Page 27 of 64

Figure 12. (A) (a) A schematic illustration of in-situ TEM setup. (b) STEM image series captured in real-time showing P volume
red
expansion during sodiation (scale bar: 200 nm). (c) Simulated SOS according to the P morphological evolution of the region labeled
red
with a blue rectangle in image (b). (d) EDS maps of phosphorus (green), sodium (yellow), and carbon (red) elements of the region
labeled with a red rectangle in image (b) (scale bar: 200 nm). (e) Length changes of four P segments marked in image (b) as a
red
function of time during the sodiation process. (B) Extended cycling of the P @CNF anodes with variable current densities. Reproduced
red
[157]
with permission from . Copyright © 2020 Springer Nature Limited.
300% corresponded to a higher sodiated state than NaGe and closely resembled Na Ge. These findings
1.56
highlight the structural robustness with higher potential of Ge as an SIB anode.
Avery cheap and benign combination of amorphous Ge loaded onto the graphite network has achieved an
-1
augmented performance (526 mAh g over 120 cycles along with 160 mAh g at 10 C of ampere density)
-1
that highlights possibilities for more superior capacity Ge-based SIB anodes particularly having 2D and 3D
[167]
structures . A highly functionalized C source derived from dopamine has been added to mitigate the
[168]
conductivity and sluggish kinetics and stabilize the Zn GeO -derived SIB anode . In comparison with the
2
4
isolated Zn GeO (capacity = 113 mAh g at 0.1 A g over 50 cycles), the C-coated Zn GeO micro-rods
-1
-1
4
2
4
2
-1
-1
delivered a suitable capacity of 317 mAh g (CE 88%) at 0.1 A g over 50 cycles with a rate capability of
150 mAh g at 2 A g . The dopamine-derived amorphous carbon offered a large electrode-electrolyte
-1
-1
interface to facilitate ion/electron transportation at shorter distances apart from volume buffering.
A highly reversible capacity-delivering SIB anode synthesized by a template-free solvothermal approach
with controlled nanosized (10 nm) germanium phosphide (GeP ) organized into micro-spherical
x
[169]
architecture has been presented by Tseng et al. . The superior patterning without an additional C matrix
could cope with volume stresses and lead to an excellent performance, which is a testament to the advantage
of the structural design approach. A high ICE of 65.28% along with a capacity of 704 mAh g was acquired
-1